1. Population Distribution: Changing Population

1.1 Population & Economic Development Patterns

1.1.1 Global Population Distribution

1.1.2 Global Patterns of Economic Development

1.1.3 China's Patterns of Development & Distribution

1.1.4 South Africa's Patterns of Development & Distribution

1.2 Changing Populations & Places

1.2.1 Population Change

1.2.2 Population Structure

1.2.3 Megacity growth

1.2.4 Forced Migration & Internal Displacement

1.2.5 Case Studies: Forced Migration

1.3 Challenges & Opportunities

1.3.1 Global & Regional Trends

1.3.2 Population Policies

1.3.3 Equality & Trafficking Policies

1.3.4 Demographic Dividend

2. Global Climate: Vulnerability & Resilience

2.1 Causes of Global Climate Change

2.1.1 The Atmospheric System

2.1.2 Global Energy Balance Change

2.1.3 Enhanced Greenhouse Effect

2.2 Consequences of Global Climate Change

2.2.1 Effects on the Hydrosphere & Atmosphere

2.2.2 Effects on the Biosphere

2.2.3 Impacts on Places & People

2.3 Responding to Global Climate Change

2.3.1 Risk & Vulnerability

2.3.2 Case Studies: Contrasting Vulnerabilities to Climate Change

2.3.3 Government Led Strategies

2.3.4 Civil & Corporate Stratgies

3. Global Resource Consumption & Security

3.1 Global Trends in Consumption

3.1.1 Measures of Resource Consumption

3.1.2 Availability & Consumption of Resources

3.2 Impacts of Changing Trends in Resource Consumption

3.2.1 Resource Security

3.2.2 Case Studies: Resource Security

3.2.3 Climate Change & the Nexus

3.2.4 Disposal & Recycling of Consumer Waste

3.3 Resource Stewardship

3.3.1 Divergent Thinking on Resource Consumption

3.3.2 The Circular Economy

3.3.3 Sustainable Development Goals

4. Freshwater: Drainage Basins

4.1 Drainage Basin Hydrology & Geomorphology

4.1.1 Drainage Basin System

4.1.2 River Discharge & Channel Characteristics

4.1.3 River Processes

4.1.4 River Landforms

4.2 Flooding & Flood Mitigation

4.2.1 Flood Hydrographs

4.2.2 Flood Prediction & Mitigation

4.2.3 Case Studies: Contrasting Examples of Flood Mitigation

4.3 Water Scarcity & Water Quality

4.3.1 Water Scarcity

4.3.2 Agriculture & Water Quality

4.3.3 Human Pressure on Water Resources

4.3.4 Conflict Over Internationally Shared Water Resource

4.4 Water Management Futures

4.4.1 Water Management

4.4.2 Contemporary Dam Building

4.4.3 Integrated Drainage Basin Management

4.4.4 Wetlands

5. Oceans & Coastal Margins

5.1 Ocean: Atmosphere Interactions

5.1.1 Ocean Currents

5.1.2 Atmospheric & Oceanic Interactions

5.1.3 Hurricanes

5.1.4 Oceans & Carbon Dioxide

5.2 Interactions Between Oceans & Coastal Places

5.2.1 Physical Influences on Coastal Landscapes

5.2.2 Coastal Processes

5.2.3 Coastal Landforms

5.2.4 Coastlines

5.2.5 Sand Dunes

5.3 Managing Coastal Margins

5.3.1 Coastal Erosion & Flooding Strategies

5.3.2 Land-Use Pressures on Coastlines

5.3.3 Management of Mangrove Swamps

5.3.4 Management of Coral Reefs

5.4 Ocean Management Futures

5.4.1 Increasing Demand for Abiotic Resources

5.4.2 Trends in Use of Biotic Resources

5.4.3 Management of Ocean Pollution

5.4.4 Value of Oceans

7. Geophysical Hazards

7.1 Geophysical systems

7.1.1 Tectonic Plate Movement

7.1.2 Volcanoes

7.1.3 Earthquakes

7.1.4 Mass Movement

7.2 Geophysical Hazard Risks

7.2.1 Distribution of Geophysical Hazards

7.2.2 Hazard Magnitude & Frequency

7.2.3 Geophysical Hazard Risk

7.2.4 Factors Affecting the Impacts of Geophysical Hazard Events

7.3 Hazard Risk & Vulnerability

7.3.1 Case Study: Volcanoes

7.3.2 Case Study: Earthquakes

7.3.3Case Study: Mass Movement

7.4 Future Resilience & Adaptation

7.4.1 Hazard & Disaster Trends

7.4.2 Hazard Adaptation

7.4.3 Management Strategies

8. Leisure, Tourism & Sport

8.1 Changing Leisure Patterns

8.1.1 Growth of Leisure Time

8.1.2 Economic Development & Leisure

8.1.3 Personal Participation in Sport & Tourism

8.2 Tourism & Sport at a Local & National Scale

8.2.1 Human & Physical Factors Affecting the Growth of Tourism

8.2.2 Case Study: National Sports Leagues

8.2.3 Festivals

8.3 Tourism & Sport at an International Scale

8.3.1 Niche National Tourism Strategies

8.3.2 Transnational Corporations & International Tourism

8.3.3 Costs & Benefits of Tourism

8.3.4 Hosting of International Sporting Events

8.4 Managing Tourism & Sport for the Future

8.4.1 Consequences of Unsustainable Touristic Growth

8.4.2 Sustainable Tourism

8.4.3 Future International Tourism

8.4.4 Poliitical & Cultural Influences on International Sport Participation

9. Food & Health

9.1 Measuring Food & Health

9.1.1 Global Patterns: Nutrition Indicators

9.1.2 Nutrition Transition

9.1.3 Health Indicators

9.1.4 The Epidemiology Transition

9.2 Food Systems & the Spread of Disease

9.2.1 Systems Approach

9.2.2 Variations in Food Consumption

9.2.3 Diffusion

9.2.4 Factors Contributing to Diffusion

9.2.5 Case Study: Water-borne & Vector-borne Diseases

9.3 Stakeholders in Food & Health

9.3.1 The Role of International Organisations in Food & Health

9.3.2 Transnational Corporations & Food Consumption

9.3.3 Gender Roles, Food & Health

9.3.4 Factors Affecting the Severity of Famine

9.3.5 Case Study: Famine

9.4 Future Health & Food Security & Sustainability

9.4.1 Possible Solutions to Food Insecurity

9.4.2 Contemporary Approaches to Food Production

9.4.3 Prevention & Treatment of Disease

9.4.4 Managing Pandemics

9.4.5 Case Study: Pandemic