1. Development of Practical Skills in Chemistry

1.1 Physical Chemistry Practicals

1.1.1 Moles Determination

1.1.2 Acid-Base Titration

1.1.3 Determination of Enthalpy Changes

1.2 Organic & Inorganic Practicals

1.2.1 Qualitative Analysis of Ions

1.2.2 Synthesis of a Haloalkane

1.2.3 Preparation of Cyclohexene

1.2.4 Oxidation of Ethanol

1.2.5 Hydration of Hex-1-ene

1.3 Further Organic & Inorganic Chemistry Practicals

1.3.1 Synthesis of Aspirin

1.3.2 Preparation of Benzoic Acid

1.3.3 Preparation of Methyl 3-Nitrobenzoate

1.3.4 Qualitative Analysis of Organic Functional Groups

1.3.5 Electrochemical Cells

1.4 Further Physical Chemistry Practicals

1.4.1 Rate of Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide

1.4.2 Rate of Reaction - Calcium Carbonate & Hydrochloric Acid

1.4.3 Reaction - Magnesium & Hydrochloric Acid

1.4.4 Rates – Iodine Clock

1.4.5 Rates - Thiosulfate

1.4.6 Rates - Activation Energy

1.4.7: pH – Problem Solving

1.4.8 pH – Titration Curves

1.4.9 pH – Acids & Buffers

2. Foundations in Chemistry

2.1 Atoms & Reactions

2.1.1 Atomic Structure & Isotopes

2.1.2 Atomic Structure & Mass Spectrometry

2.1.3 Compounds, Formulae & Equations

2.2 Amount of Substance

2.2.1 Amount of Substance

2.2.2 Determining Formulae

2.2.3 Reaction Calculations

2.2.4 The Ideal Gas Equation

2.2.5 Percentage Yield & Atom Economy

2.3 Acid-base & Redox Reactions

2.3.1 Acids

2.3.2 Acid-base Titrations

2.3.3 Redox

2.4 Electrons, Bonding & Structure

2.4.1 Electron Structure

2.4.2 Ionic Bonding & Structure

2.4.3 Covalent Bonding & Structure

2.5 The Shapes of Simple Molecules & Ions

2.5.1 The Shapes of Simple Molecules & Ions

2.5.2 Electronegativity & Bond Polarity

2.5.3 Intermolecular Forces

3. Periodic Table & Energy

3.1 Periodicity

3.1.1 Periodicity

3.1.2 Ionisation Energy

3.1.3 Structure & Physical Properties

3.2 Group 2

3.2.1 Group 2 Elements

3.2.2 Group 2 Compounds

3.3 The Halogens

3.3.1 The Halogens

3.3.2 Uses of Chlorine

3.3.3 Qualitative Analysis

3.4 Enthalpy Changes

3.4.1 Enthalpy Changes

3.4.2 Calorimetry

3.4.3 Bond Enthalpies

3.4.4 Hess' Law

3.5 Reaction Rates

3.5.1 Simple Collision Theory

3.5.2 Catalysis

3.5.3 The Boltzmann Distribution

3.6 Chemical Equilibrium

3.6.1 Dynamic Equilibrium

3.6.2 Le Chatelier’s Principle

3.6.3 The Equilibrium Constant, Kc

4. Core Organic Chemistry

4.1 Basic Concepts

4.1.1 Chemical Names & Formulae

4.1.2 Functional Groups

4.1.3 Structural Isomerism

4.1.4 Reaction Mechanisms

4.2 Alkanes

4.2.1 Introduction to Alkanes

4.2.2 Reactions of Alkanes

4.2.3 Free Radical Substitution of Alkanes

4.3 Alkenes

4.3.1 Introduction to Alkenes

4.3.2 Stereoisomerism in Alkenes

4.3.3 Addition Reactions of Alkenes

4.3.4 Electrophilic Addition

4.3.5 Polymers from Alkenes

4.4 Alcohols

4.4.1 Properties of Alcohols

4.4.2 Reactions of Alcohols

4.5 Haloalkanes

4.5.1 Reactions of Haloalkanes

4.5.2 Nucleophilic Substitution of Haloalkanes

4.5.3 Hydrolysis of Primary Haloalkanes

4.5.4 Environmental Concerns of Organohalogen Use

4.6 Organic Synthesis

4.6.1 Techniques

4.6.2 Synthetic Routes

4.7 Analytical Techniques

4.7.1 Infrared Spectroscopy

4.7.2 Mass Spectrometry

4.7.3 Combined Techniques

5. Physical Chemistry & Transition Elements (A Level Only)

5.1 Rates, Orders & Arrhenius

5.1.1 Rates & Orders

5.1.2 Concentration-Time Graphs

5.1.3 Rate-Concentration Graphs

5.1.4 Investigating Reaction Rates

5.1.5 Rate-determining Step

5.1.6 Temperature & Rate Constants

5.1.7 The Arrhenius Equation

5.2 Equilibria

5.2.1 Equilibrium Terms

5.2.2 Kc & Kp

5.2.3 Equilibrium Constants & Changing Conditions

5.3 Acids, Bases & Buffers

5.3.1 Acids & Bases

5.3.2 Ka, pH & Kw

5.3.3 pH Calculations

5.3.4 Buffers

5.3.5 Neutralisation

5.4 Thermodynamics

5.4.1 Lattice Enthalpy

5.4.2 Building Born-Haber Cycles

5.4.3 Calculations Using Born-Haber Cycles

5.4.4 Enthalpy of Solution & Hydration

5.4.5 The Effect of Ionic Charge & Radius on Enthalpy

5.4.6 Entropy

5.4.7 The Feasibillity of a Reaction

5.4.8 Gibbs Free Energy, ΔG

5.5 Redox & Electrochemistry

5.5.1 Redox

5.5.2 Redox Titrations

5.5.3 Electrode Potentials

5.5.4 Electrode Potential Calculations

5.5.5 Cells

5.6 Transition Elements

5.6.1 Transition Elements

5.6.2 Ligands & Complex Ions

5.6.3 Isomerism in Transition Element Complexes

5.6.4 Ligand Substitution Reactions

5.6.5 The Biochemical Importance of Iron in Haemoglobin

5.6.6 Redox Reactions of Transistion Elements

5.6.7 Qualitative Analysis

6. Organic Chemistry & Analysis (A Level Only)

6.1 Benzene & Aromatic Compounds

6.1.1 Benzene

6.1.2 Electrophilic Substitution

6.1.3 Phenol

6.1.4 Directing Effects

6.2 Carbonyl Compounds

6.2.1 Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds

6.2.2 Testing for Carbonyl Compounds

6.3 Carboxylic Acids & Esters

6.3.1 Carboxylic Acids

6.3.2 Esters

6.3.3 Acyl Chlorides

6.4 Nitrogen Compounds

6.4.1 Amines

6.4.2 Preparing Amines

6.4.3 Amino acids

6.4.4 Amides

6.5 Optical Isomerism

6.5.1 Optical Isomers

6.5.2 Identification of Chiral Centres

6.6 Polymers

6.6.1 Condensation Polymers

6.6.2 Polymer Repeat Units

6.7 Extending Carbon Chains

6.7.1 Nitriles

6.7.2 Substituted Aromatic Carbon-carbon Bond Formation

6.8 Organic Synthesis

6.8.1 Techniques

6.8.2 Synthetic Routes

6.9 Analytical Techniques

6.9.1 Thin Layer Chromatography, TLC

6.9.2 Gas Chromatography, GC

6.9.3 Qualitative Analysis

6.9.4 Carbon-13 NMR

6.9.5 Proton NMR

6.9.6 Combined Techniques