1. Lifestyle, Health and Risk

1.1 The Circulatory System

1.1.1 The Need for a Circulatory System

1.1.2 The Importance of Water in Transport

1.1.3 Mammalian Heart: Structure & Function

1.1.4 Blood Vessels: Structure & Function

1.1.5 Cardiac Cycle

1.1.6 Investigating Heart Rate

1.1.7 Atherosclerosis

1.1.8 Blood Clotting

1.2 Diet & Health

1.2.1 Cardiovascular Disease

1.2.2 Interpreting Data on Risk Factors

1.2.3 Treatment of CVD

1.2.4 Energy Budgets & Diet

1.2.5 Monosaccharides

1.2.6 The Glycosidic Bond

1.2.7 Disaccharides

1.2.8 Polysaccharides

1.2.9 Lipids & Ester Bonds

1.2.10 Reducing Risk Factors of CVD

1.2.11 Practical: Vitamin C Content

2. Genes and Health

2.1 Gas Exchange, Cell Membranes & Transport

2.1.1 Properties of Gas Exchange Surfaces

2.1.2 Fick's Law of Diffusion

2.1.3 The Mammalian Lung

2.1.4 Cell Membranes

2.1.5 Practical: Investigating Membrane Structure & Permeability

2.1.6 Diffusion & Facilitated Diffusion

2.1.7 Active Transport

2.1.8 Osmosis

2.2 Nucleic Acids

2.2.1 Nucleotides & Phosphodiester Bonds

2.2.2 DNA: Structure

2.2.3 RNA: Structure

2.3 Proteins

2.3.1 Transcription

2.3.2 Translation

2.3.3 Nature of the Genetic Code

2.3.4 Amino Acids & Peptide Bonds

2.3.5 Levels of Protein Structure

2.3.6 Globular Proteins: Structure & Function

2.3.7 Fibrous Proteins: Structure & Function

2.3.8 The Role of Enzymes

2.3.9 Mode of Enzyme Action

2.3.10 Practical: Investigating the Effect Enzyme and Substrate Concentrations

2.4 Inheritance

2.4.1 DNA Replication

2.4.2 Mutations

2.4.3 Inheritance: Key Terms

2.4.4 Pedigree Diagrams

2.4.5 Monohybrid Crosses

2.4.6 Chi-squared Test

2.4.7 Genetic Screening

3. Voice of the Genome

3.1 Cell Structure & Organisation

3.1.1 Cell Theory

3.1.2 Eukaryotic Cells

3.1.3 Prokaryotic Cells

3.1.4 Organisation of Cells

3.1.5 Microscopy

3.1.6 Magnification Calculations

3.1.7 Recognising Organelles

3.2 Cell Division

3.2.1 The Cell Cycle

3.2.2 Mitosis

3.2.3 Practical: Identifying Mitosis in Plant Cells

3.3 Reproduction & Inheritance

3.3.1 Mammalian Gametes

3.3.2 Fertilisation in Mammals

3.3.3 Genes & Linkage

3.3.4 Meiosis: Source of Genetic Variation

3.4 Differentiation & Variation

3.4.1 Stem Cells

3.4.2 Stem Cells in Medicine

3.4.3 Cell Differentiation

3.4.4 Epigenetics

3.4.5 Phenotypes & Variation

4. Biodiversity and Natural Resources

4.1 Biodiversity

4.1.1 The Variety of Life

4.1.2 Measuring Biodiversity Within a Habitat

4.1.3 Comparing Biodiversity Between Habitats

4.1.4 Ecological Niches & Adaptations

4.1.5 Natural Selection

4.1.6 Hardy-Weinberg Equation

4.1.7 Reproductive Isolation

4.1.8 Classification

4.1.9 Conservation of Biodiversity

4.2 Resources from Plants

4.2.1 Plant Cell Structure

4.2.2 Plant Stems

4.2.3 Importance of Water & Inorganic Ions to Plants

4.2.4 Starch & Cellulose: Structure & Function

4.2.5 Plant Fibres

4.2.6 Practical: Identifying Tissue Types Within Stems

4.2.7 Practical: Determining the Tensile Strength of Plant Fibres

4.2.8 Development of Drug Testing

4.2.9 Antimicrobial Properties of Plants

4.2.10 Sustainability & Plant Materials