1. Physical Chemistry

1.1 Atomic Structure

1.1.1 Structure of the Atom

1.1.2 Isotopes

1.1.3 Relative Mass

1.1.4 Mass Spectrometry

1.2 Ions & Electrons

1.2.1 Ionisation Energy

1.2.2 Quantum Shells

1.2.3 Orbitals

1.2.4 Electronic Configurations

1.3 The Periodic Table

1.3.1 Periodicity

1.4 Bonding

1.4.1 Ionic Bonding Overview

1.4.2 Representing Ionic Bonding

1.4.3 Ionic Trends

1.4.4 Physical Properties of Ionic Compounds

1.4.5 Covalent Bonding Overview

1.4.6 Covalent Dot-and-Cross Diagrams

1.4.7 Bond Length & Bond Strength

1.4.8 Shapes of Covalent Compounds

1.5 Structure

1.5.1 Electronegativity

1.5.2 Intermolecular Forces

1.5.3 Hydrogen Bonding

1.5.4 Intermolecular Forces & Physical Properties

1.5.5 Metallic Bonding

1.5.6 Giant Lattices

1.5.7 Covalent Structures

1.5.8 Predicting Structures

1.6 Formulae, Equations & Avogadro

1.6.1 Empirical & Molecular Formulae

1.6.2 Balanced Equations

1.6.3 Applying Equations

1.6.4 The Mole & the Avogadro Constant

1.6.5 Amount of Substance Calculations

1.7 Reaction Calculations

1.7.1 Reacting Volume Calculations

1.7.2 Titrations

1.7.3 Error & Uncertainty

1.7.4 Yield & Atom Economy

1.8 Energetics I

1.8.1 Enthalpy Changes

1.8.2 Enthalpy Level Diagrams

1.8.3 Calorimetry

1.8.4 Hess Cycles

1.8.5 Bond Enthalpy

1.9 Kinetics I

1.9.1 Collision Theory & Rates

1.9.2 Calculating Rates of Reaction

1.9.3 Maxwell-Boltzmann Distributions

1.9.4 Catalysts in Industry

1.10 Equilibrium I

1.10.1 Dynamic Equilibrium

1.10.2 Le Chatelier's Principle

1.10.3 The Rate & Yield Compromise

1.10.4 Deducing Kc Expressions

2. Inorganic Chemistry

2.1 Redox I

2.1.1 Oxidation Number

2.1.2 Types of Reduction & Oxidation

2.1.3 Redox & Disproportionation

2.1.4 Ionic Equations

2.2 Groups 1 & 2

2.2.1 Explaining Group 2 Trends

2.2.2 Reactions of Group 2

2.2.3 Group 2 Hydroxides & Sulfates

2.2.4 Group 1 & 2 Carbonates & Nitrates

2.2.5 Flame Tests

2.3 Group 7

2.3.1 Group 7 Trends

2.3.2 Halogen Displacement Reactions

2.3.3 Halogen Redox Reactions

2.3.4 Halide Ion Reactions

3. Organic Chemistry

3.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry

3.1.1 Formulae of Organic Compounds

3.1.2 Homologous Series & Functional Groups

3.1.3 Nomenclature & Classification

3.1.4 Structural Isomerism

3.1.5 Stereoisomerism

3.2 Alkanes

3.2.1 Describing Alkanes

3.2.2 Alkane Fuels

3.2.3 Pollution from Combustion

3.2.4 Reducing Pollution

3.2.5 Free Radicals

3.3 Alkenes

3.3.1 Describing Alkenes

3.3.2 Bonding in Alkenes

3.3.3 Electrophilic Addition

3.3.4 Electrophilic Addition Mechanism

3.3.5 Saturation Test

3.3.6 Addition Polymerisation

3.3.7 Waste Polymers

3.4 Halogenoalkanes

3.4.1 Classifying Halogenoalkanes

3.4.2 Nucleophilic Substitution

3.4.3 Nucleophilic Substitution Mechanism

3.4.4 Hydrolysis of Halogenoalkanes

3.4.5 Reactivity of Halogenoalkanes

3.5 Alcohols

3.5.1 Classifying Alcohols

3.5.2 Reactions of Alcohols

3.5.3 Organic Liquid Preparation & Purification

3.6 Modern Analytical Techniques I

3.6.1 Mass Spectrometry

3.6.2 Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy

4. Core Chemistry Practicals

4.1 Physical Chemistry Core Practicals

4.1.1 Molar Volume of a Gas

4.1.2 Standard Solutions

4.1.3 Determining Concentrations

4.1.4 Determining Enthalpy Change of Reaction

4.2 Inorganic & Organic Chemistry Core Practicals

4.2.1 Hydrolysis of Halogenoalkanes

4.2.2 Ethanol Oxidation

4.2.3 Chlorination of 2-Methylpropan-2-ol

4.2.4 Qualitative Analysis

5. Advanced Physical Chemistry (A Level Only)

5.1 Equilibrium II

5.1.1 Deducing Kp Expressions

5.1.2 Equilbrium Constant Calculations

5.1.3 Reaction Conditions & The Equilibrium Constant

5.2 Acid-base Equilibria

5.2.1 Brønsted–Lowry Acids & Bases

5.2.2 pH

5.2.3 Acid Strength

5.2.4 Ionic Product of Water

5.2.5 Measuring and Comparing pH

5.2.6 Titration Curves

5.2.7 Buffers

5.2.8 Weak Acid - Strong Base Titration

5.3 Energetics II: Born-Haber

5.3.1 Lattice Energy

5.3.2 Born-Haber Cycles

5.3.3 Polarising Power

5.3.4 Enthalpy of Solution

5.4 Energetics II: Entropy

5.4.1 Introducing Entropy

5.4.2 Entropy Calculations

5.4.3 Gibbs Free Energy

5.4.4 Feasible Reactions

5.5 Kinetics II

5.5.1 Rates of Reaction

5.5.2 Rate Equations

5.5.3 Rates - Experimental Techniques

5.5.4 Initial Rates Method

5.5.5 Continuous Monitoring Method

5.5.6 Reaction Order Graphs

5.5.7 Rate-Determining Steps

5.5.8 Rates & Reaction Mechanisms

5.5.9 Arrhenius & Activation Energy

6. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (A Level Only)

6.1 Redox II

6.1.1 Reduction & Oxidation

6.1.2 Standard Electrode Potential

6.1.3 Measuring Standard Electrode Potential

6.1.4 Conventional Cell Representation

6.1.5 Thermodynamics & Electrode Potential

6.1.6 Disproportionation & Electrode Potential

6.1.7 Storage Cells

6.1.8 Fuel Cells

6.1.9 Redox Titration Calculations

6.2 Principles of Transition Metal Chemistry

6.2.1 Transition Metals

6.2.2 Transition Metal Complexes

6.2.3 Coloured Ions

6.2.4 Ligands

6.2.5 Octahedral Complexes

6.2.6 Tetrahedral Complexes

6.2.7 Cis-platin

6.2.8 Haemoglobin

6.2.9 Catalysis

6.2.10 Heterogeneous Catalysis

6.2.11 Homogeneous Catalysis

6.2.12 Autocatalysis

6.3 Reactions of Transition Metal Elements

6.3.1 Vanadium

6.3.2 Chromium

6.3.3 Reactions of Ions in Aqueous Solution

6.3.4 Ligand Exchange

7. Advanced Organic Chemistry (A Level Only)

7.1 Organic Chemistry II: Chirality

7.1.1 Chirality

7.2 Organic Chemistry II: Carbonyl Chemistry

7.2.1 Carbonyl Compounds

7.2.2 Testing for Carbonyls

7.3 Organic Chemistry II: Carboxylic Acids

7.3.1 Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids

7.3.2 Preparation of Carboxylic Acids

7.3.3 Reactions of Carboxylic Acids

7.3.4 Acyl Chlorides & Esters

7.4 Organic Chemistry III: Aromatic Chemistry

7.4.1 Benzene Structure

7.4.2 Reactions of Benzene

7.4.3 Electrophilic Substitution

7.4.4 Phenol

7.5 Organic Chemistry III: Nitrogen Chemistry

7.5.1 Amines, Amides, Amino Acids & Proteins

7.5.2 Primary Aliphatic Amines

7.5.3 Amine Basicity

7.5.4 Aromatic Amine Formation

7.5.5 Amide Chemistry

7.5.6 Condensation Polymerisation

7.5.7 Amino Acids & Proteins

7.6 Organic Chemistry III: Organic Synthesis

7.6.1 Deducing Organic Structures

7.6.2 Planning Reaction Schemes

7.6.3 Increasing Chain Length

7.6.4 Organic Techniques - Preparation

7.6.5 Organic Techniques - Purification

7.6.6 Organic Techniques - Purity

7.7 Modern Analytical Techniques II

7.7.1 Mass Spectrometry

7.7.2 Carbon-13 NMR

7.7.3 Proton NMR

7.7.4 Thin-Layer Chromatography

7.7.5 Other Chromatography

8. Advanced Core Practicals (A Level Only)

8.1 Advanced Physical Chemistry Core Practicals

8.1.1 Finding Ka Values

8.1.2 Electrochemical Cells

8.1.3 Rates of Reaction

8.1.4 Activation Energy

8.2 Advanced Inorganic & Organic Chemistry Core Practicals

8.2.1 Redox Titration

8.2.2 Transition Metal Complexes

8.2.3 A-Level Qualitative Analysis

8.2.4 Aspirin Preparation