Free Trade (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Economics)

Revision Note

The Benefits of Free Trade

  • International trade refers to the exchange of goods and services between countries

  • International trade involves the exchange of goods/service through exports and imports

  • International trade is 'free' when there is no government intervention (quotas, taxes etc.) to reduce or limit trade

A diagram illustrating benefits of trade including flow of new ideas, economic development and growth, increased efficiency, access to resources, international cooperation, and lower prices.
The benefits of free trade
  • Greater choice: with access to a wider variety of goods/services, the standard of living improves

  • Lower prices: with international competition prices fall giving households the ability to buy more

  • International cooperation: required for trade helps countries to build better relationships which leads to lower levels of hostilities

  • Flow of new ideas: innovative ideas and technology can be shared between countries

  • Access to resources: output can increase and costs of production can fall with increased access to raw materials

  • Increased efficiency: international competition allows the most efficient firms to emerge and this improves the use of global resources

  • Economic growth: exports are a key component of the gross domestic product of many countries and an increase in exports can lead to economic growth

  • Economic development: Increased output leads to lower levels of unemployment which leads to higher incomes and a higher standard of living

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