Separate: Chemistry Only
Ethanoic acid is a member of the homologous series of carboxylic acids.
Which is the functional group of carboxylic acids?
☐ | A | ||
☐ | B | ||
☐ | C | ||
☐ | D |
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Ethanoic acid is a member of the homologous series of carboxylic acids.
Which is the functional group of carboxylic acids?
☐ | A | ||
☐ | B | ||
☐ | C | ||
☐ | D |
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The formula for ethanoic acid can be written in different ways:
What are the correct names for the different ways to represent formulae?
Formula 1 | Formula 2 | Formula 3 | |||
☐ | A | molecular formula | structural formula | displayed formula | |
☐ | B | structural formula | molecular formula | displayed formula | |
☐ | C | molecular formula | empirical formula | structural formula | |
☐ | D | empirical formula | structural formula | molecular formula |
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Solutions of carboxylic acids react with magnesium to form a salt and hydrogen gas.
Using the apparatus and method below, a student investigates how the time to collect 20 cm3 of hydrogen gas varies with different carboxylic acid solutions.
Method:
Which of the following is not a variable that should be controlled?
☐ | A | The mass of magnesium | |
☐ | B | The volume of acid | |
☐ | C | The type of acid | |
☐ | D | The concentration of acid |
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The structures of two carboxylic acids are shown below.
What is the name of carboxylic acid B?
☐ | A | butanoic acid | |
☐ | B | propanoic acid | |
☐ | C | ethanoic acid | |
☐ | D | methanoic acid |
Give one use of carboxylic acid A.
☐ | A | vinegar | |
☐ | B | fuel | |
☐ | C | smelling salts | |
☐ | D | polymer |
Both carboxylic acids A and B can react with metal carbonates to produce a salt and two other products.
Name the two other products formed.
Carboxylic Acids A and B will also react with metals to form hydrogen gas.
Which row in the table correctly shows the test and result for this gas?
☐ | A | test: glowing splint | result: relights | |
☐ | B | test: burning splint | result: squeaky pop sound | |
☐ | C | test: glowing splint | result: squeaky pop sound | |
☐ | D | test: burning splint | result: flame extinguished |
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Butanoic acid belongs to the homologous series carboxylic acids.
Complete the structure of butanoic showing all bonds.
Explain why butanoic acid is a saturated compound.
Butanoic acid can react with magnesium carbonate to form a salt, carbon dioxide and water.
What type of reaction is this?
☐ | A | thermal decomposition | |
☐ | B | neutralisation | |
☐ | C | combustion | |
☐ | D | endothermic |
Butanoic acid can also react with a metal.
Complete the word equation for this reaction.
__________ + butanoic acid → sodium butanoate + ____________
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Butanoic acid behaves like other acids.
Which is the correct statement about the reactions of butanoic acid?
☐ | A | It reacts with sodium hydroxide in a neutralisation reaction to form a salt and hydrogen gas | |
☐ | B | In a reaction with calcium carbonate, a salt and water are formed | |
☐ | C | It reacts with calcium to form a salt and oxygen gas | |
☐ | D | When it reacts with magnesium carbonate, fizzing is observed |
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This question is about alcohols, carboxylic acids and their reactions.
The boxes give some information about a carboxylic acid.
Complete the boxes by giving the missing information.
structural formula | CH3COOH |
name | |
CH2O | |
displayed formula |
Ethanol can be oxidised to produce a carboxylic acid.
(2)
1. ..............................................................
2. ..............................................................
(1)
☐ | A | green to orange | |
☐ | B | orange to green | |
☐ | C | red to yellow | |
☐ | D | yellow to red |
Alcohols and carboxylic acids can be heated together to form esters.
(1)
(1)
☐ | A | ethyl methanoate | |
☐ | B | methyl ethanoate | |
☐ | C | methyl propanoate | |
☐ | D | propyl methanoate |
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What is the empirical formula of butanoic acid?
☐ | A | C3H7COOH | |
☐ | B | C4H8O2 | |
☐ | C | C2H4O | |
☐ | D | C2H4O2 |
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Methanoic acid is the first member of the homologous series of carboxylic acids.
Give two general characteristics of a homologous series.
In some areas when water is boiled, the inside of kettles become coated with a layer of calcium carbonate. This can be removed by adding methanoic acid.
(2)
zinc + methanoic acid → ............................................ + ............................................
(2)
(1)
Draw the displayed formula for the ester formed when methanoic acid reacts with ethanol.
Give the name, molecular formula and empirical formula of the fourth acid in this series.
name ...........................................................................................................................
molecular formula .......................................................................................................
empirical formula ........................................................................................................
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Ethanoic acid is a carboxylic acid used in vinegar.
Which of these statements is true about ethanoic acid?
☐ | A | It reacts with propanol to form ethyl propanoate | |
☐ | B | Its molecular formula is C2H5O2 | |
☐ | C | It follows the general formula CnH2nCOOH | |
☐ | D | It reacts with magnesium to form magnesium ethanoate |
When a bottle of wine is left open, ethanoic acid and water can form as a result of ethanol reacting with the oxygen in the air.
...................... + O2. → CH3COOH + ........................
(2)
☐ | A | ||
☐ | B | ||
☐ | C | ||
☐ | D |
Propanoic acid, C2H5COOH, belongs to the same homologous series as ethanoic acid.
It can react with sodium hydroxide to form sodium propanoate, C3H5NaO2 and water.
(1)
Describe a chemical test that could be done to show that propanoic acid is acidic.
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This question is about carboxylic acids.
Solutions of carboxylic acids react with magnesium metal to form hydrogen gas.
A student uses this apparatus to investigate the time taken to produce 10 cm3 of hydrogen gas from different carboxylic acids.
This is the student’s method.
The student repeats the method with three other carboxylic acids.
(2)
(1)
The table shows the student’s results.
Time taken to produce 10 cm3 of hydrogen in s | ||||||
Carboxylic acid |
Formula of carboxylic acid |
Experiment 1 |
Experiment 2 |
Experiment 3 |
Experiment 4 |
Mean time |
Methanoic acid |
HCOOH | 48 | 50 | 47 | 49 | 49 |
Ethanoic acid |
CH3COOH | 61 | 63 | 60 | 61 | 61 |
Propanoic acid |
CH3CH2COOH | 69 | 93 | 70 | 71 | |
Butanoic acid |
CH3CH2CH2COOH | 83 | 85 | 82 | 81 | 83 |
(2)
mean time = ............................................................................. s
(1)
An ester is formed by adding ethanoic acid to ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid.
Give the displayed formula of the ester produced when ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol.
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This question is about the reactions of organic compounds A - E shown in Figure 1.
Name compound C.
Name the two products formed when E reacts with sodium.
Which compound reacts with compound A to produce compound C?
Which compound dissolves in water to produce a neutral solution?
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Alcohol A has the structural formula, CH3CH2OH.
Which product is formed when alcohol A is oxidised using acidified potassium dichromate (VII)?
☐ | A | CH3CH2COOH | |
☐ | B | C2H4O2 | |
☐ | C | HCOOCH3 | |
☐ | D | C2H6O |
When alcohol A reacts with propanoic acid, an ester, B is formed.
CH3CH2OH + CH3CH2COOH → B + H2O
Give the name and structural formula of B.
Name | ............................................................................ |
Structural formula | ............................................................................ |
Propanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate.
Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction.
Propanoic acid also reacts with magnesium
2CH3CH2COOH (aq) + Mg (s) → (CH3CH2COO)2Mg (aq) + H2 (g)
An excess of magnesium was added to 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol / dm3 and the hydrogen gas produced was collected in a gas syringe.
Calculate the volume, in cm3, of hydrogen gas produced in this reaction.
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Propanoic acid is a carboxylic acid. Its formula is CH3–CH2–COOH.
(2)
(3)
Carboxylic acids can be made by the oxidation of alcohols.
(1)
(2)
Complete the following equations for some of the reactions of propanoic acid.
A piece of magnesium was added to 100 cm3 of an aqueous acid. The time taken for the metal to react completely was measured.
This experiment was repeated using different aqueous acids. The same volume of acid was used in each experiment and the pieces of magnesium used were identical.
In one experiment the reaction was carried out at a different temperature.
experiment | acid | concentration in mol/dm3 | temperature / °C | time / seconds |
A | propanoic | 1.0 | 20 | 300 |
B | propanoic | 1.0 | 30 | 180 |
C | propanoic | 0.5 | 20 | 480 |
D | hydrochloric | 1.0 | 20 | 60 |
Explain the following in terms of collision rate between reacting particles.
(2)
(2)
(3)
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Carboxylic acids contain the group
Ethanoic acid is a typical carboxylic acid. It forms ethanoates.
Complete the following equations.
Mg + ......CH3COOH → ............................... + ...............................
sodium hydroxide + ethanoic acid → ........................ ........................ + ........................
(1)
Ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol to form an ester. Give the name of the ester and draw its displayed formula. Show all of the bonds.
Maleic acid is an unsaturated acid. 5.8 g of this acid contained 2.4 g of carbon, 0.2 g of hydrogen and 3.2 g of oxygen.
(3)
(2)
Maleic acid is dibasic. One mole of acid produces two moles of H+. Deduce its structural formula.
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