Explain the term galactic redshift.
Explain why galactic redshift is considered as evidence supporting the Big Bang theory.
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Explain the term galactic redshift.
Explain why galactic redshift is considered as evidence supporting the Big Bang theory.
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Starting with the largest, list the following in order of decreasing size
Galaxy    Sun   Universe   Jupiter |
State the stages in the life cycle of a star the size of the Sun after the main sequence in the gaps below
Main sequence
↓
...................................
↓
...................................
State the stages in the life cycle of a star much greater than the size of the Sun after the main sequence in the gaps below
Main sequence
↓
...................................
↓
...................................
↓
................................... or ...................................
After a supernova explosion, a nebula can form from the leftover material.
Explain what forms in a nebula after it has been created by a supernova.
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State the approximate diameter of the Milky Way in light years.
Nuclear fusion occurs in the core of a stable star.
Complete the sentence explaining nuclear fusion.
Nuclear reactions in the core of a star involve the fusion of ........................... into ...........................
Redshift is detected in the galaxies Virgo A and Messier 90.Â
Messier 90 is closer to the Earth than Virgo A.
State and explain which galaxy is moving away from Earth faster.
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Rearrange the stages of the life cycle of a star into the correct order.
1 | white dwarf |
2 | planetary nebula |
3 | protostar |
4 | main sequence star |
5 | interstellar clouds of gas and dust (stellar nebula) |
6 | red giant |
A star can be in its main sequence phase for billions of years.
Fig 1.1 shows the forces acting on the Sun during this stable stage of its life cycle.Â
Two stars, Alpha Centauri B and Betelgeuse are 0.9 and 16.5 solar masses respectively.
State which star could eventually become a neutron star. Explain your reasoning.Â
1 solar mass = mass of the Sun
State what is meant by a supernova.
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The Sun is our nearest star.
State and explain what can be deduced from the ‘redshift’ observed by astronomers in the light from all distant galaxies.
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Describe and explain how a stable star is formed.
Some main sequence stars become black holes.Â
Describe the evolution of a main sequence star to the point at which it becomes a black hole.Â
State and explain whether the Sun will eventually become a black hole.Â
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Describe nuclear fusion in stars.
Derive the distance of 1 light year in metres.
Speed of light = 3.0 × 108 m/s
The Milky Way is approximately 100 000 light years in diameter.
Calculate the time it would take a spacecraft travelling at the speed of light to travel from one side of the Milky Way to the other.
Below are some statements related to Cosmology.
Identify which of the statements are false and explain why.
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The Sun is a star in a stable part of its life cycle.
Using ideas about forces, explain how the Sun remains stable in this part of its life cycle.
Describe what happens to stars of similar mass to the Sun at the end of the stable part of their life cycle.
The orbital speed of Earth around the Sun is 30 km/s. Use this value to calculate the distance of Earth from the Sun.Â
Show your working. State the unit of your answer.
distance = ..................................... unit = ..........Â
The light emitted by distant galaxies show various amounts of redshift.
Â
State the name of the galaxy that contains our Sun.
. [1]
State what is meant by redshift and describe how it is caused.
 [2]
Fig. 10.1
Â
  [2]
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State and explain the main piece of evidence which supports the Big Bang Theory of the origin of the Universe.
Calculate the distance of 50 light-years in metres.
Speed of light = 3.0 × 108 m/s.
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The ‘big bang’ theory is one theory explaining the origin of the Universe.
Fig 1.1
Explain why our understanding of the very earliest moments of the Universe is unreliable.
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Nuclear fusion reactions in the Sun fuse hydrogen to make helium.
In the Solar System, the inner planets, such as the Earth, contain elements which are heavier than the elements hydrogen and helium.Â
Explain how this can be the case.
From the data collected, the graph that links the speed of a galaxy with the distance of the galaxy from the Earth is shown in Fig. 1.1.
Fig 1.1
Describe how the visible light spectrum from galaxy Q looks different from the visible light spectrum from galaxy P.
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