Electromagnetic Spectrum (Cambridge O Level Physics)

Exam Questions

2 hours31 questions
1a
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3 marks

Fig. 7.1 shows some devices that each use one type of electromagnetic radiation.

em-radiation

Draw one line from each device to the correct type of electromagnetic radiation. One has been done for you.

1b
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2 marks
(i)
State the name of one type of radiation that has a longer wavelength than visible light.

[1]

  

(ii)
Complete the sentence about electromagnetic radiation. Use a word from the list below.
  
amplitude frequency speed wavelength
 

All types of electromagnetic radiation travel through a vacuum with the same __________

 
[1]

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2a
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3 marks

Fig. 9.1 shows a partially-labelled diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum.

q9a

(i)
On Fig. 9.1, add the names of the missing radiations at A and at B.
[2]
 
(ii)
Indicate the radiation that has the lowest frequency. On Fig. 9.1, draw a ring around the radiation.
[1]

2b
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2 marks

State two safety precautions when handling sources that emit gamma radiation.

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3a
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4 marks

Fig. 8.1 shows an incomplete diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum.

 

cie-2019-12

 

Complete Fig. 8.1 with the names of the missing types of radiation in the correct boxes.

3b
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1 mark

State one use for ultraviolet radiation.

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4a
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3 marks

Complete the sentence below. 

Gamma rays have the same ___________ as visible light, but different __________ and ____________.

4b
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3 marks

Match the type of electromagnetic radiation with the object most similar in size to its wavelength.

screenshot-2023-02-03-at-16-55-07
4c
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3 marks
(i)
State the name of the process by which electromagnetic radiation can remove electrons from atoms. 
[1]
 
(ii)
Radiographers operate X-ray equipment as part of their profession. 
Lead absorbs a lot of radiation. Explain why radiographers stand behind lead screens when performing X-ray scans all day.
[2]

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5
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3 marks

Rhys lives in a valley and is surrounded by hills on all sides. He likes to follow the local news with his radio and his television. 

(i)
Rhys receives radio station signals and TV signals. State which signal has the longer wavelength.
[1]
 
(ii)
Explain why the TV has poor signal even though the radio is clear.
[2]

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1a
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3 marks

Fig. 7.1 shows the electromagnetic spectrum. One type of radiation is not labelled.

18p3-6a

(i)
On Fig. 7.1, add the label for the missing type of radiation.
[1]
 
(ii)
The arrow in Fig. 7.1 indicates a property that is increasing.
State the name of the property that is increasing in the direction of the arrow.
[1]
 
(iii)
Compare the speeds of radio waves and visible light in a vacuum.
[1]
1b
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4 marks
(i)
Describe how X-rays are used for security in airports.
[2]
 
(ii)
Explain the properties of X-rays that make them useful in airport security.
[2]

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2a
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3 marks

Fig. 7.1 shows an incomplete diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum.

fyg-D3c0_q7a

(i)

In Fig. 7.1, section A and section B of the electromagnetic spectrum are not labelled.

State the names of parts A and B.

[2]

(ii)

An electromagnetic wave has a wavelength of 1.0 × 10–9 m. Use Fig. 7.1 to identify the type of electromagnetic wave.

[1]

2b
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1 mark

All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum.

 

State one other property that is the same for all electromagnetic waves

2c
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2 marks

For each purpose, state one type of electromagnetic radiation that can be used.

 
(i)
Remote controllers for televisions
[1]
(ii)
Killing bacterial cells
[1]

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3a
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3 marks

Fig. 7.1 shows some parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.

q7a

(i)
In Fig. 7.1, one part of the electromagnetic spectrum is not labelled.
State the name of this part.
[1]
(ii)
The speed of visible light waves in a vacuum is 3.0 × 108 m / s.
Suggest a value for the speed of infra-red waves in a vacuum.
 
speed = .................................................. m / s
[1]
(iii)
Some parts of the electromagnetic spectrum have a wavelength shorter than that of visible light.
State one example.
[1]
3b
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4 marks
(i)
X-rays and γ-rays are used in hospitals.
 
Describe one medical use for X-rays and one use for γ-rays.
[1]
(ii)
Explain why γ-rays are dangerous to living things.
[1]

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4a
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4 marks

Fig. 7.1 shows a diagram of the main regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Two labels are missing.

q7

(i)
Complete the labels on Fig. 7.1.
[2]
(ii)

State two properties that are the same for all waves in the electromagnetic spectrum.

[2]
4b
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2 marks

State which region of the electromagnetic spectrum is used in each situation.

 
(i)
Detecting objects without opening baggage at a security check
[1]
(ii)
Television remote control
[1]
(iii)
Satellite television transmissions
[1]

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5a
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3 marks

An optical fibre is inserted into a patient's body to examine the liver during a keyhole surgery.

Explain why visible light is more useful and safer than X-rays during this surgery.

5b
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2 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows the optical fibre used. The arrow shows the initial direction of the ray of visible light. 

3-3-5c-m-optical-fibre-draw

Fig. 1.1

Draw the path of visible light along the fibre from one end to the other.

5c
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6 marks

A technician uses an optical fibre in a factory to view a pipe blockage. The blockage is round a bend, shown in Fig. 1.2.

3-3-5d-m-curved-pipe-optical-fibre

The glass from which the optical fibre is made has a refractive index of 1.3.

(i)
Calculate the critical angle of the glass.
[3]
 
(ii)
The light does not reach the blockage. Suggest why.
[3]

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1a
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2 marks

Fig.9.1 represents the seven main regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

 
feb-march-2018-32-q9
(i)
In Fig.9.1, one region is not named.
 
State the name of the radiation in this region.
[1]
 
(ii)
State which region has waves with the longest wavelength.
[1]
1b
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1 mark

Tick the box for the wave with the lowest speed in air.

 
square ultraviolet
square ultrasound
square visible light
1c
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4 marks

A group of students want to determine the speed of sound in air.

 

Describe a method they can use. State the measurements they need to make.

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2a
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2 marks

Circle two of the following that apply to an ultrasound wave travelling in air.

 
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2b
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3 marks

Calculate the wavelength of X-rays with frequency 1.3 × 1017 Hz in a vacuum.

 

 

wavelength = ...........................................................

2c
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2 marks

A dentist takes an X-ray photograph of a patient’s teeth. Explain why it is safe for the patient to be close to the source of X-rays, but the dentist must stand away from the source.

2d
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2 marks

State, with a reason, why microwave ovens are designed only to work with the door closed.

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3a
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1 mark

Gamma rays are the highest energy waves in the electromagnetic spectrum. 

 

State the maximum speed of gamma rays in a vacuum.

3b
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2 marks

Calculate the frequency of a gamma ray with a wavelength of 6.5 × 10−13 m.

 
 
frequency = .................................... 
3c
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6 marks

Compare and contrast gamma rays and radio waves. You should consider both their properties and their applications.

3d
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2 marks

Gamma rays are dangerous to work with because they transfer large amounts of energy. 

People who work with gamma radiation need to take precautions to keep themselves safe.

 

Suggest two ways that workers can keep themselves safe when working with gamma rays.

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4a
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3 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows a radio wave. Each 1 cm square is equal to 2 m.

 

grid

 
(i)
State the wavelength of the radio wave in Fig 1.1.
[1]
 
(ii)
Sketch on Fig. 1.1 a wave that has a greater amplitude and lower frequency.
[2]
4b
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3 marks

A radio wave with a frequency of 20 GHz travels through the vacuum of space. 

 

Calculate the wavelength of this radio wave.

 
 
wavelength = ....................................
4c
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2 marks

State why sound waves and radio waves have different frequencies at the same wavelength.

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5a
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4 marks

Table 1.1 shows a list of the electromagnetic spectrum.

 
gamma           radio

arrow

Table 1.1

(i)
Complete Table 1.1 by filling in the missing EM waves.
[3]
 
(ii)
Suggest what the arrow is indicating.
[1]
5b
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2 marks

Fig. 1.1 shows an X-ray of a broken bone. 

 

xray

Fig. 1.1

 

Describe the interaction between the x-rays and 

 

(i)
soft tissue.
[1]
 
(ii)
bone.
[1]
 

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