1 markDescriptions of two different states of matter are shown below.
To which state of matter do each of the descriptions fit?
X: the molecules are very close together, in fixed positions. They vibrate around these fixed positions. Y: the molecules move rapidly and randomly in straight lines until they collide with something. The molecules are spaced apart very far. |
| State X | State Y |
A | solid | liquid |
B | solid | gas |
C | liquid | gas |
D | gas | liquid |
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1 markThe diagrams represent the molecules in two different states of matter. The arrows show the motion of the molecules.
Which state represents a solid?
state 1
neither
both
state 2
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1 markAir is trapped inside a cylinder. The volume of the cylinder cannot change.
The temperature of the air is increased.
Which of the graphs below shows the correct relationship between pressure and temperature?
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1 markA beaker of water, at its boiling point of 100 oC, is heated so that the liquid starts to become a gas, also at 100 oC.
Which row of the table correctly compares the liquid phase with the gas phase under these conditions?
| Average distance between the particles | Average speed of the particles |
A | the same in the liquid and the gas | the same in the liquid and the gas |
B | greater in the liquid | greater in the gas |
C | greater in the gas | greater in the liquid |
D | greater in the gas | the same in the liquid and the gas |
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1 markA sealed yet empty (except for air) plastic drinks bottle is left outside in the sunshine on a warm day.
Which row of the table correctly describes what happens to the average speed of the air molecules, and to the pressure inside the bottle?
| Average speed of particles | Pressure inside bottle |
A | increases | increases |
B | increases | decreases |
C | decreases | increases |
D | decreases | decreases |
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1 markA car tyre is inflated with air.
As the car drives, the temperature of the tyre increases, which also causes the temperature of the air inside the tyre to increase. This increases the pressure of the air inside the tyre.
Which of the following is a correct explanation as to why?
The mass of air inside the tyre has increased.
The area of the tyre has decreased, thus increasing the pressure.
The air molecules collide with each other less frequently.
The average kinetic energy of the air molecules has increased.
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1 markA sealed piston is used to expand a gas. No gas escapes during the process.
What happens to both the density of the gas and to its pressure when it is expanded in this way?
| Density | Pressure |
A | stays the same | stays the same |
B | increases | decreases |
C | decreases | stays the same |
D | decreases | decreases |
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1 markA sealed gas syringe contains a fixed mass of gas.
The piston is moved and the volume of the gas doubles. The temperature of the gas does not change.
What happens to the pressure of the gas?
halves
no change
doubles
triples
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1 markA gas is in a sealed container of constant volume. The gas is heated and the pressure of the gas on the walls of the container increases.
How do the particles of the gas cause this increase in pressure?
They expand.
They hit each other more frequently.
They hit the container walls more frequently.
They vibrate faster
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1 markA whale takes a breath at the surface of the ocean, where the pressure is 1.00 × 105 Pa. It then dives to a depth where the pressure is 1.21 × 105 Pa. The temperature is the same at this depth as it is at the surface.
The whale lets out a bubble of air of volume 50 cm3. This bubble rises to the surface of the ocean.
What is the volume of the bubble when it reaches the surface?
41.3 cm3
60.5 cm3
50.0 cm3
21.0 cm3
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1 markA syringe is half filled with air and sealed. The plunger is then pulled outwards, causing the volume of the gas to increase.
This is done slowly, so that the expansion happens at a constant temperature.
What happens to the pressure of the gas, and to the speed of the air molecules?
| Pressure inside syringe | Speed of air molecules |
A | stays the same | stays the same |
B | increases | decreases |
C | decreases | stays the same |
D | decreases | decreases |
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