1. Population & Settlement

1.1 Population Dynamics

1.1.1 Population

1.1.2 Population Change

1.1.3 Population Policies

1.2 Migration

1.2.1 Reasons for Migration

1.2.2 Impacts of Migration

1.3 Population Structure

1.3.1 Reasons for & Implications of Different Population Structures

1.4 Population Density & Distribution

1.4.1 Factors Affecting Population Density & Distribution

1.5 Settlements & Service Provision

1.5.1 Patterns of Settlement

1.5.2 Factors Influencing Settlement Site, Growth & Functions

1.5.3 Settlement & Services Hierarchy

1.6 Urban Settlements

1.6.1 Characteristics of Urban Land Use

1.6.2 Changes in Urban Land Use

1.6.3 Issues & Solutions to Problems of Urban Areas

1.7 Urbanisation

1.7.1 Urban Growth

1.7.2 Impacts of Urban Growth

1.7.3 Solutions to Impacts of Urban Growth

2. The Natural Environment

2.1 Earthquakes & Volcanoes

2.1.1 Main Features of Earthquakes & Volcanoes

2.1.2 Distribution of Earthquakes & Volcanoes

2.1.3 Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes

2.1.4 Effects of Earthquakes & Volcanoes

2.1.5 Hazards & Opportunities

2.1.6 Reducing the Impact of Earthquakes & Volcanoes

2.2 Rivers

2.2.1 Hydrological Characteristics

2.2.2 Drainage Basin

2.2.3 River Processes

2.2.4 River Landforms

2.2.5 River Hazards & Opportunities

2.2.6 River Management

2.3 Coasts

2.3.1 Coastal Processes

2.3.2 Coastal Landforms

2.3.3 Coastal Ecosystems

2.3.4 Coastal Hazards & Opportunities

2.3.5 Coastal Management

2.4 Weather

2.4.1 Collecting Weather Data

2.4.2 Weather Data

2.4.3 Weather Data Interpretation

2.5 Climate & Natural Vegetation

2.5.1 Climate Characteristics

2.5.2 Ecosystem Characteristics

2.5.3 Deforestation of Tropical Rainforest

3. Economic Development

3.1 Development

3.1.1 Levels of Development

3.1.2 Inequalities in Development

3.1.3 Economic Sectors

3.1.4 Employment Sectors

3.1.5 Globalisation

3.2 Food Production

3.2.1 Agricultural Systems

3.2.2 Food Shortages

3.3 Industry

3.3.1 Industrial Systems

3.3.2 Distribution of Industrial Zones

3.4 Tourism

3.4.1 Growth of Tourism

3.4.2 Impacts of Tourism

3.4.3 Management of Tourism

3.5 Energy

3.5.1 Non-Renewble Fossil Fuels

3.5.2 Renewable Energy

3.5.3 Nuclear Energy & Fuelwood

3.6 Water

3.6.1 Water Supply in MEDCs

3.6.2 Water Shortages

3.7 Environmental Risks of Economic Activity

3.7.1 Soil Erosion & Desertification

3.7.2 Global Warming

3.7.3 Pollution

3.7.4 Resource Conservation

4. Geographical Skills

4.1 Geographical Skills

4.1.1 Maps

4.1.2 Graphs & Diagrams

4.1.3 Written Material

4.1.4 Photographs & Pictorial Material

5. Fieldwork

5.1 Fieldwork

5.1.1 Aims & Hypothesis

5.1.2 Data Collection

5.1.3 Data Presentation

5.1.4 Analysis & Conclusions

6. Extended Response Questions

6.1 How to Answer a 7 mark Question

6.1.1 How to Answer a 7 Mark Question

Study tools

• Cambridge (CIE) O Level Geography · Past Papers

Related links

• O Level Geography · Revision Notes
• O Level Geography · Past Papers
• Cambridge (CIE) O Level Geography · Exam specification