Objectives of Firms (Cambridge (CIE) O Level Economics)
Revision Note
Objectives of Firms
The objectives of a firm are a reason for their existence or the desired focus of their owners
These objectives typically include profit maximisation, growth, survival and social welfare
1. Profit maximisation
Most firms have the rational objective of profit maximisation
Profit = Total Revenue (TR) - Total Costs (TC)
To maximise profits, firms can either increase their sales revenue or decrease their costs
Firms continuously analyse their costs to see if they can reduce them so that profit can be maximised
2. Growth
Some firms have the business objective of growth
In subtopic 3.5 we considered the different metrics that firms use to compare their size which include the number of employees, market share, size of profits and market capitalisation
Firms with a growth objective often focus on increasing their sales revenue or market share
Firms will also maximise revenue in order to increase output and benefit from economies of scale
A growing firm is less likely to fail
3. Survival
In the short term, many new firms focus solely on business survival
Generally, as much as 25% of new firms fail in their first year of business
Once a firm is established, it may then begin to focus on profit maximisation as its new objective
4. Social welfare
More firms than ever are launching with a social welfare objective
These typically include a focus on climate action and addressing poverty or inequality
They still require profit to survive, but will accept less than if they were profit maximising as long as they are meeting their social objective
Examiner Tip
The objectives of firms can change over time. Successful firms that have been profit maximising for decades may find themselves in a difficult market environment (e.g. during Covid 19 lock downs) and switch their objective to survival. Likewise, firms previously focussed on profit maximisation may desire to be more prominent in the battle against climate change and so change to a social welfare objective.
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