Objectives of Firms (Cambridge (CIE) O Level Economics)

Revision Note

Objectives of Firms

  • The objectives of a firm are a reason for their existence or the desired focus of their owners

    • These objectives typically include profit maximisation, growth, survival and social welfare 

1. Profit maximisation 

  • Most firms have the rational objective of profit maximisation

  • Profit = Total Revenue (TR) - Total Costs (TC)

  • To maximise profits, firms can either increase their sales revenue or decrease their costs

    • Firms continuously analyse their costs to see if they can reduce them so that profit can be maximised

2. Growth

  • Some firms have the business objective of growth

  • In subtopic 3.5 we considered the different metrics that firms use to compare their size which include the number of employees, market share, size of profits and market capitalisation

  • Firms with a growth objective often focus on increasing their sales revenue or market share

  • Firms will also maximise revenue in order to increase output and benefit from economies of scale

  • A growing firm is less likely to fail

3. Survival 

  • In the short term, many new firms focus solely on business survival

  • Generally, as much as 25% of new firms fail in their first year of business

  • Once a firm is established, it may then begin to focus on profit maximisation as its new objective

4. Social welfare 

  • More firms than ever are launching with a social welfare objective

    • These typically include a focus on climate action and addressing poverty or inequality

  • They still require profit to survive, but will accept less than if they were profit maximising as long as they are meeting their social objective

Examiner Tip

The objectives of firms can change over time. Successful firms that have been profit maximising for decades may find themselves in a difficult market environment (e.g. during Covid 19 lock downs) and switch their objective to survival. Likewise, firms previously focussed on profit maximisation may desire to be more prominent in the battle against climate change and so change to a social welfare objective.

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