Automated Systems (Cambridge (CIE) O Level Computer Science)

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An automated system is a computer system that collects information and can react and perform tasks based on the data
Automated systems are made using three components:
- Sensors
- Microprocessors
- Actuators
A sensor collects information (link here to 3 Sensors) and provides the microprocessor with it as an input
A microprocessor processes the information and makes decisions based on pre-programmed rules
An actuator makes physical changes based on instructions given by the microprocessor (outputs)
Examples of physical changes include:
- Opening/closing a door/valve
- Activating an alarm

Advantages	Disadvantages
Cost - long-term cost saving	Cost - short-term expensive to set up
Safer - timely interventions	Testing - significant testing must be done before being used
Safer - keeps humans away from hazardous environments	Security - open to cyber attacks
Efficient - materials and resources	Flexibility - will only react to programmed scenarios
Consistent - results are repeatable	Maintenance - needs to be well maintained
	Unethical - can result in major job losses

There are also scenarios where specific advantages and disadvantages are important such as:

Scenario	Advantages	Disadvantages
Industry	Increased production Improved quality control	High investment costs Job losses
Transport	Less accidents & traffic congestion Increased logistical efficiency	Transportation drivers lose jobs Technology reliability
Agriculture	Less manual labour Increased crop yield & resource management	High start-up costs for equipment and sensors
Weather	Accurate forecasting Improved early warning systems	Dependence on accurate sensor data
Gaming	Personalised experience AI enhanced opponents add challenge	Reduced creativity & problem solving for players Repetitive gameplay
Lighting	Increased energy efficiency Better security with motion-activated systems	Lack of human control with light adjustments
Science	Faster & more precise Reduced risk of human error	High cost development and maintenance Potential for algorithm bias

A theme park has a game where a player tries to run from the start to the finish without getting wet.

The system for the game uses sensors and a microprocessor to spray water at a player as they run past each sensor.

Describe how the sensors and the microprocessor are used in this system

[8]

Answer

the (exam) results speak for themselves:

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