Types & Methods of Data Transmission (Cambridge (CIE) O Level Computer Science)
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What are packets?
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What are packets?
Packets are small 'chunks' of data that make up a larger piece of data that has been broken down by the TCP protocol so that it can be transmitted over the internet.
What does TCP stand for?
TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol.
What are the three main components of a packet?
The three main components of a packet are header, payload, and trailer.
Payload
The actual data being transported in a packet.
What information is typically included in a packet's header?
A packet's header typically includes the source IP address, destination IP address, and packet number.
What is the purpose of error checking in packets?
The purpose of error checking in packets is to ensure that when a packet is received there is minimal or no corruption of the data.
Parity bit
A bit added to a packet to check that no bits have been flipped from 0 to 1 or vice versa.
Checksum
A calculation performed on packet data to detect corruption by comparing the result to a stored checksum value.
True or False?
Packets always arrive at their destination in the correct order.
False.
Packets can arrive at their destination in any order and need to be reassembled.
What is corruption in the context of data packets?
Corruption is where packet data is changed or lost in some way, or data is gained that originally was not in the packet.
What is packet switching?
Packet switching is a method of sending and receiving data (packets) across a network, the packs of data are sent via different routes.
How many stages are there in packet switching?
There are five stages in packet switching.
What is the role of routers in packet switching?
Routers control the routes taken for each packet and decide which nearby router is closer to the destination device.
True or False?
In packet switching, all packets must take the same route to the destination.
False.
In packet switching, packets can take different routes to reach the destination.
What happens if a packet does not reach its destination?
If a packet does not reach its destination, the receiver can send a resend request to the sender to resend the packet.
What is one advantage of packet switching in terms of data security?
One advantage of packet switching in terms of data security is that it's harder to hack an individual's data as each packet contains minimal data and travels through the network separately.
Why is packet switching generally faster than sending a large packet?
Packet switching is generally faster because each packet finds the quickest way around the network.
What happens to packets when they arrive at their destination?
When packets arrive at their destination, they are reordered correctly to reconstruct the original data.
True or False?
Packet switching requires the whole file to be resent if corruption occurs.
False.
With packet switching, only corrupted packets need to be resent, not the whole file.
What is the benefit of packet switching in terms of network efficiency?
Packet switching improves network efficiency by allowing multiple users to share the same data path.
What is data transmission?
Data transmission is the process of transferring data from one device to another using a wired or wireless connection.
What are the two types of wired data transmission?
The two types of wired data transmission are serial and parallel.
Serial transmission
A method where a stream of bits is sent in sequence, one after the other.
Parallel transmission
A method where a stream of bits is sent in sequence, one after the other across multiple wires at the same time.
What is a skew in parallel transmission?
A skew is caused by data arriving out of order in asynchronous parallel transmission.
True or False?
Serial transmission is faster than parallel transmission.
False.
Parallel transmission is generally faster than serial transmission.
What is an advantage of serial transmission over parallel transmission?
An advantage of serial transmission is that it is more reliable over longer distances.
What is simplex transmission?
Simplex transmission is a method where data travels in only one direction.
What is half-duplex transmission?
Half-duplex transmission is a method where data can travel in both directions, but not simultaneously.
What is full-duplex transmission?
Full-duplex transmission is a method where data can travel in both directions at the same time.
What does USB stand for?
USB stands for Universal Serial Bus.
What type of data transmission does USB use?
USB uses asynchronous and serial data transmission.
Name three types of USB connectors.
Three types of USB connectors are USB-A, USB-B, and USB-C.
What happens when a device is connected to a USB port?
When a device is connected to a USB port, the computer automatically detects the device and loads the appropriate driver.
What is a device driver?
A device driver is software that allows a device to communicate with the computer.
True or False?
USB cables can be connected in any orientation.
False.
USB cables (except USB-C) can only be connected in one orientation.
What is the maximum cable length for a standard USB connection?
The maximum cable length for a standard USB connection is roughly 5 meters.
What is backward compatibility in USB?
Backward compatibility in USB means that newer USB standards can work with older USB devices and ports.
What is the newest USB transmission rate as of 2022?
The newest USB transmission rate as of 2022 is USB4 2.0 with 80 Gbps.
True or False?
USB can provide power to connected devices.
True.
USB can provide power to connected devices.