The diagram shows an industrial process involved in the production of a substance that is used as an aircraft fuel.
| process | substance Q |
A | fractional distillation | petrol |
B | thermal decomposition | paraffin |
C | fractional distillation | paraffin |
D | thermal decomposition | petrol |
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The table below shows 4 different sources of petroleum (crude oil) and their composition.
Fraction | Arabian Heavy /% | Arabian Light /% | Iranian Heavy /% | North Sea /% |
gasoline | 18 | 21 | 21 | 23 |
kerosene | 11.5 | 13 | 13 | 15 |
diesel | 18 | 20 | 20 | 24 |
fuel oil | 52.5 | 46 | 46 | 38 |
Which composition of petroleum would be the best for the motor vehicle industry?
North Sea
Arabian Heavy
Arabian Light
Iranian Heavy
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Which of the following properties of different compounds in petroleum enable it to be separated into fractions?
1 | Chain length |
2 | Chemical reactivity |
3 | Solubility in water |
4 | Boiling point |
1 & 3
1 & 4
2 & 3
2 & 4
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The diagram below shows the apparatus used to separate petroleum (crude oil) into four fractions.
Which fraction contains the smallest hydrocarbon molecules?
fraction | boiling point range / °C |
A | up to 70 |
B | 71 to 120 |
C | 121 to 170 |
D | over 171 |
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The diagram shows a fractionating column used in the separation of petroleum.
Which row explains why fraction R is collected above fraction S?
| boiling point of R | average molecular mass of R |
A | greater than S | greater than S |
B | greater than S | smaller than S |
C | smaller than S | greater than S |
D | smaller than S | smaller than S |
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