The diagram shows an industrial process involved in the production of a substance that is used as an aircraft fuel.
| Â | process | substance Q |
| A | fractional distillation | petrol |
| B | thermal decomposition | paraffin |
| C | fractional distillation | paraffin |
| D | thermal decomposition | petrol |
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The table below shows 4 different sources of petroleum (crude oil) and their composition.
| Fraction | Arabian Heavy /% | Arabian Light /% | Iranian Heavy /% |
North Sea /% |
| gasoline | 18 | 21 | 21 | 23 |
| kerosene | 11.5 | 13 | 13 | 15 |
| diesel | 18 | 20 | 20 | 24 |
| fuel oil | 52.5 | 46 | 46 | 38 |
Which composition of petroleum would be the best for the motor vehicle industry?
North Sea
Arabian Heavy
Arabian Light
Iranian Heavy
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Which of the following properties of different compounds in petroleum enable it to be separated into fractions?
| Â | 1 | Chain length |
| Â | 2 | Chemical reactivity |
| Â | 3 | Solubility in water |
| Â | 4 | Boiling point |
1 & 3
1 & 4
2 & 3
2 & 4
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The diagram below shows the apparatus used to separate petroleum (crude oil) into four fractions.
Which fraction contains the smallest hydrocarbon molecules?
| fraction | boiling point range / °C |
| A | up to 70 |
| B | 71 to 120 |
| C | 121 to 170 |
| D | over 171 |
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The diagram shows a fractionating column used in the separation of petroleum.
 
Which row explains why fraction R is collected above fraction S?
|
 |
boiling point of R |
average molecular mass of R |
|
A |
greater than S |
greater than S |
|
B |
greater than S |
smaller than S |
|
C |
smaller than S |
greater than S |
|
D |
smaller than S |
smaller than S |
Â
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