1 markWhich of the following statements is a correct reason that humans sweat?
To lose water through the surface of the skin.
To increase water loss from the kidneys.
To increase heat loss from the body.
To reduce blood glucose levels.
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1 markAn athlete takes part in a marathon.
What would be the effect of an athlete taking part in a marathon race on a hot, sunny day?
| volume of water reabsorbed in the kidneys | volume of water lost from the skin | effect on hairs on the skin | |
| A | less | decreases | lie flat |
| B | more | decreases | erect |
| C | less | increases | lie flat |
| D | more | increases | lie flat |
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Which structures are all involved in controlling human body temperature?
blood vessels near the skin surface, pituitary gland and sweat glands
blood vessels near the skin surface, hypothalamus and muscles
kidneys, pituitary gland and sweat glands
kidneys, hypothalamus and muscles
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1 markWhat changes occur in the skin when a person becomes very cold?
| hair effector muscles | effect | blood vessels | effect | |
| A | contract | air trapped against skin | constrict | less heat loss by radiation |
| B | contract | less air trapped against skin | dilate | more heat loss by radiation |
| C | relax | air trapped against skin | dilate | less heat loss by radiation |
| D | relax | less air trapped against skin | constrict | more heat loss by radiation |
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The diagram shows the homeostatic control of body temperature.
What are corrective mechanisms P and Q and coordinator R?
| corrective mechanisms | coordinator R | ||
| P | Q | ||
| A | sweating | more blood flows close to the skin surface | brain |
| B | sweating | more blood flows close to the skin surface | skin |
| C | shivering | less blood flows close to the skin surface | brain |
| D | shivering | less blood flows close to the skin surface | skin |
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