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O LevelBiologyCambridgeExam Questions14. Coordination & Control14.2 Mammalian Sense Organs

Mammalian Sense Organs (Cambridge O Level Biology)

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14.2 Mammalian Sense Organs

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14.2 Mammalian Sense Organs

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1a
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The eye is a sense organ.

Fig. 1 is a diagram of a section through the eye.

cie-igcse-2018-s2-may-p3-q4a-the-eye

Fig. 1

Shade in the part of the eye that gives people different eye colours on Fig. 1

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1b
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The boxes on the left show parts of the eye.

The boxes on the right show the functions of different parts of the eye.

Draw four lines to link the part of the eye with its correct function.

One has been done for you.

cie-igcse-2018-s2-may-p3-q4b-the-eye-parts

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1c
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The skin is another sense organ.

Fig. 2 shows a photograph of the skin on a person’s arm.

The skin of the person is responding to a stimulus.

cie-igcse-2018-s2-may-p3-q4c-goosebumps

Fig. 2

(i)

State the stimulus for the response shown in Fig. 2.

[1]

(ii)

State the effector that causes the response shown in Fig. 2.

[1]

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1a
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The eye is a sense organ that responds to light.

Fig. 1 is a diagram of a section through the human eye.

cie-igcse-2018-s1-oct-p4-q4a-the-eye

Fig. 1

Table 1 describes some of the functions of the parts of the eye.

Complete the table by:

  • Naming the parts of the eye
  • Using the letters on Fig. 1 to identify the parts of the eye.

Table 1

function name of part letter on Fig. 1
carries impulses to the brain    
focuses light onto the back of the eye    
controls the tension of the suspensory ligaments    
tissue that detects light and colour    
location of most of the cone cells    

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1b
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(i)

A pair of muscles in the eye work in opposition to each other to adjust the amount of light entering the pupil.

State the term that describes the action of a pair of muscles working in opposition to each other.

[1]

(ii)

A different pair of muscles in the eye work in opposition to each other to view objects at different distances from the eye.

State the name of the process that allows the eye to view objects at different distances. 

[1]

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2a4 marks

A person visits an eye doctor to have an eye test. On the wall of the doctor’s room is a diagram of an eye.

q2a-14-2-mammalian-sense-organ-medium-sq-cie-o-level-biology

(i)
Name the part labelled X.
[1]
(ii)
Describe one way in which the structure of X is related to its function.
[2]
(iii)
Name layer Y.

[1]

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2b5 marks

As part of the eye test, the doctor shines a bright light into the eye and takes a picture. 

The picture shows layer Y and the choroid layer behind it.

q2b-14-2-mammalian-sense-organ-medium-sq-cie-o-level-biology

(i)
Name structure Z.
[1]
(ii)
Layer Y does not contain blood vessels. 

Explain how the blood vessels in the choroid layer are important for layer Y.

[4]

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2c4 marks

When the bright light is shone into the eye there is a pupil reflex which causes the pupil to become smaller.

Explain how named parts of the eye and of the nervous system are involved in this pupil reflex.

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1a
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Fig. 1 shows the path of light entering the front part of the eye of a person with normal vision, whilst looking at a close object.

focus-1

Fig. 1

As people get older (typically 40+), their lenses lose flexibility and can't spring back into a round shape when looking at close objects.

Explain what effect a less flexible lens would have on the path of light. 

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1b
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Explain the changes that occur in the normal human eye to focus on near and distant objects.

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1c
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Fig. 2 shows the light path into the eye of a person with normal vision and into that of a person with long-sightedness. 

Sufferers of long-sightedness are not able to see nearby objects clearly e.g. when reading, although this can be corrected using glasses.


visions

Fig. 2

Use the diagrams in Fig. 2 to explain why people with long-sightedness cannot see nearby objects clearly. 

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1d
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As people age, their vision tends to deteriorate.

The majority of adults choose to wear glasses to correct their vision as shown in Fig. 3.

eye-chart

Fig. 3

The data in Fig. 3 was gathered from a survey of 4500 people.

Calculate the difference between the number of people needing no vision correction and the people who chose to use contact lenses. 

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