The Carbon Cycle (Cambridge O Level Biology)

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The Carbon Cycle

  • Nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen are not endless resources
  • There is a finite amount of each element on the planet and as such, they need to be recycled to allow new organisms to be made and grow
  • Carbon is taken out of the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide by plants to be used for photosynthesis
  • It is passed on to animals (and microorganisms) by feeding
  • It is returned to the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide by plants, animals and microorganisms as a result of respiration
  • If animals and plants die in conditions where decomposing microorganisms are not present the carbon in their bodies can be converted, over millions of years and significant pressure, into fossil fuels
  • When fossil fuels are burned (the process is known as combustion), the carbon combines with oxygen and carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere
  • Increased use of fossil fuels is contributing to an increase in the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere
  • In addition, mass deforestation is reducing the number of producers available to take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere by photosynthesis
  • This problem is exacerbated by the fact that in many areas of the world, deforestation is taking place for land rather than for the trees themselves, and as such they are burnt down, releasing yet more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

The Carbon Cycle Diagram

The carbon cycleThe Carbon Cycle

Examiner Tip

The carbon cycle is simple:

  • Carbon is taken out of the atmosphere by photosynthesis
  • It is passed on to animals and decomposers by feeding
  • It is returned by respiration; by plants, animals and decomposing microorganisms

    In addition, it is returned (in increasing amounts) by combustion of fossil fuels

You should be able to identify what each arrow represents in any diagram of the carbon cycle.

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Phil

Author: Phil

Expertise: Biology

Phil has a BSc in Biochemistry from the University of Birmingham, followed by an MBA from Manchester Business School. He has 15 years of teaching and tutoring experience, teaching Biology in schools before becoming director of a growing tuition agency. He has also examined Biology for one of the leading UK exam boards. Phil has a particular passion for empowering students to overcome their fear of numbers in a scientific context.