Uses of Energy in Living Organisms
- Respiration is a chemical process that involves the breakdown of nutrient molecules (specifically glucose) in order to release the energy stored within the bonds of these molecules
- Respiration is enzyme-controlled
- Respiration is a term commonly used interchangeably with breathing - this is incorrect
- They are not the same thing
- Breathing is the movement of air into and out of the body (ventilation), whereas respiration is a chemical reaction
- Respiration can take place with oxygen (aerobically) or without oxygen (anaerobically).
- Much less energy is released for each glucose molecule broken down anaerobically compared to the energy released when it is broken down aerobically
- Respiration occurs in all living cells; most of the chemical reactions in aerobic respiration take place in the mitochondria
- Humans need the energy released during respiration to carry out many processes
- Muscle contraction
- Protein synthesis
- Cell division (to make new cells)
- Growth
- Active transport across cell membranes
- Generation of nerve impulses
- Maintaining a constant internal body temperature by releasing heat
The Uses of Energy from Respiration Diagram
The energy released during respiration is used to fuel many processes in the human body
Examiner Tip
Avoid the common misconception that respiration is breathing!
Respiration is a series of chemical reactions that release energy from glucose inside cells. Be careful that you always state that energy is released, it is NEVER made, produced, or created.
The respiration reactions are all controlled by enzymes. You need to be able to state this in an exam!