1. Cells

1.1 Cell Structure & Function

Animal & Plant Cells

Animal & Plant Cells Under the Microscope

Bacterial Cells

1.2 Specialised Cells, Tissues & Organs

Organisation of Cells

Magnification Formula

2. Classification

2.1 Concept & Use of a Classification System

Classifying Organisms

2.2 Features of Organisms

The Five Kingdoms

Viruses

3. Movement into & out of Cells

3.1 Diffusion & Osmosis

Diffusion

Factors that Influence Diffusion

Water

Osmosis

Osmosis Experiments

Osmosis in Animals & Plants

3.2 Active Transport

Active Transport

Importance of Active Transport

4. Biological Molecules

4.1 Biological Molecules

Chemicals & Life

Food Tests

5. Enzymes

5.1 Enzyme Action

Enzymes

Enzyme Action & Specificity

5.2 Effects of Temperature & pH

Enzyme Investigations

Enzymes: Temperature & pH

6. Plant Nutrition

6.1 Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

Chlorophyll

Use & Storage of Carbohydrates

Investigating the Need for Chlorophyll, Light & Carbon Dioxide

Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis

Investigating the Rate of Photosynthesis

Limiting Factors

6.2 Leaf Structure

Leaf Structure

Identifying Leaf Structures in a Dicotyledonous Plant

6.3 Mineral Nutrition

Minerals in Plants

7. Transport in Flowering Plants

7.1 Uptake & Transport of Water and Ions

Root Hair Cells

Pathway Taken by Water

7.2 Transpiration & Translocation

Transpiration

Investigating Temperature & Wind Speed

Transpiration Stream

Explaining the Effects of Temperature, Wind Speed, Humidity & Light Intensity

Translocation

Xylem & Phloem

8. Human Nutrition

8.1 Diet

Diet & Deficiencies

8.2 Human Digestive System

Organs of the Digestive System

Physical Digestion

Teeth & Digestion

Chemical Digestion

Enzymes in Digestion

Hydrochloric Acid

Emulsification of Fats & Oils

Peristalsis

8.3 Absorption & Assimilation

Absorption

Adaptations of the Small Intestine

9. Human Gas Exchange

9.1 Human Gas Exchange

Features of Gas Exchange Surfaces

The Breathing System

Investigating the Differences in Inspired & Expired Air

Investigating the Effects of Physical Activity on Breathing

Identifying Intercostal Muscles

Volume & Pressure Changes in the Lungs

Protecting the Breathing System

10. Respiration

10.1 Respiration

Respiration in Cells

10.2 Aerobic Respiration

Aerobic Respiration

10.3 Anaerobic Respiration

Anaerobic Respiration

11. Transport in Humans

11.1 Circulatory System

Circulatory System

11.2 The Heart

The Mammalian Heart

Functioning of the Heart

Monitoring Activity of the Heart

Investigating Effect of Physical Activity on Heart Rate

Coronary Heart Disease

11.3 Blood Vessels

Blood Vessels

Circulation Around the Body

Structure & Function of Blood Vessels

11.4 Blood

Components of Blood

Tissue Fluid

12. Disease & Immunity

12.1 Disease

Pathogens & Barriers

Vectors of Disease

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Cholera

Controlling the Spread of Disease

Excessive Alcohol Consumption

Effects of Tobacco Smoke

12.2 Antibiotics

Antibiotics

12.3 Immunity

Active Immunity

Antigens & Antibodies

Vaccination

Preventing the Spread of Disease

Passive Immunity & Breastfeeding

HIV & the Immune System

13. Excretion in Humans

13.1 Excretion

Excretion of Carbon Dioxide & Urea

13.2 Urinary System

The Kidney

The Role of the Liver in Excretion

14. Coordination & Control

14.1 Mammalian Nervous System

Mammalian Nervous System

Types of Neurones

The Reflex Arc

The Synapse

14.2 Mammalian Sense Organs

Sense Organs

The Eye

14.3 Mammalian Hormones

Hormones in Humans

The Hormone Adrenaline

14.4 Homeostasis

Homeostasis

14.5 Temperature Control

Homeostasis: Temperature Control

14.6 Blood Glucose Control

Controlling Blood Glucose Concentration

15. Coordination & Response in Plants

15.1 Coordination & Response in Plants

Tropisms

16. Development of Organisms & Continuity of Life

16.1 Nuclear Division

Chromosomes & Cells

Mitosis

Meiosis

Uncontrolled Cell Division

16.2 Asexual & Sexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction

16.3 Sexual Reproduction in Plants

Flower Structure & Pollination Method

Self & Cross-pollination

Fertilisation in Plants

Seeds & Germination

Seed & Fruit Dispersal

16.4 Sexual Reproduction in Humans

The Reproductive Systems

Gametes & Fertilisation

Development of the Zygote

Sexual Hormones in Humans

17. Inheritance

17.1 Variation

Variation

17.2 DNA

DNA Structure

Genes & Protein Production

17.3 Inheritance

Inheritance: Definitions

Monohybrid Inheritance

Codominance & Sex Determination

Mutation

17.4 Selection

Natural Selection

Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria & Selection

Artificial Selection

18. Biotechnology & Genetic Modification

18.1 Biotechnology

Biotechnology

Usefulness of Bacteria

Fermenters

18.2 Genetic Modification

Genetic Modification

19. Relationships of Organisms with one another & with the Environment

19.1 Energy Flow

The Sun as a Source of Energy

Food Chains & Food Webs

Efficiency of Energy Transfer

Pyramids of Number, Biomass & Energy

19.2 Nutrient Cycles

The Carbon Cycle

The Nitrogen Cycle

19.3 Ecosystems & Biodiversity

Populations, Communities & Ecosystems

The Importance of Biodiversity

19.4 Effects of Humans on Ecosystems

Deforestation

Over-harvesting & Introducing Non-native Species

Water Pollution

Other Pollution

19.5 Conservation

Reasons for Conservation

Sustainability

Study tools

• Cambridge O Level Biology · Exam Questions
• Cambridge O Level Biology · Past Papers