Intersection of Two Circles
What is meant by the intersection of two circles?
- Two circles may intersect once (touch), twice (cross), or not at all
- Touching circles may be referred to as tangent to each other
- they would have a common tangent line
- Touching circles may be referred to as tangent to each other
How do I determine if two circles intersect or not?
- Find the distance, , between the centres of the two circles
- This can be found using Pythagoras' theorem
- For centres and ,
- This can be found using Pythagoras' theorem
- The radii of the two circles, and , where are also needed
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- If then the circles intersect twice
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- If or then the circles intersect once
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- If or then the circles do not intersect
- Rather than trying to remember those formulae, try to understand the logic behind each situation
How do I find the coordinates of the point(s) of intersection of two circles?
- Once it has been determined that the circles do intersect at least once, the following process can be used to determine the coordinates of any intersections
- STEP 1
Rearrange both circle equations so that one side is zero - STEP 2
Put the circle equations equal to each other (i.e. solve simultaneously!) - STEP 3
Expand/rearrange/simplify into a linear equation- The and terms will cancel, leaving an equation of the form or
(These are 'diagonal line', 'vertical line' and 'horizontal line')
The intersection(s) will lie on this line
- The and terms will cancel, leaving an equation of the form or
- STEP 4
Substitute the linear equation into either of the circle equations
Solving this equation will lead to either the -coordinate(s) or -coordinate(s) of the intersection(s) - STEP 5
Substitute the (or ) coordinates into either circle equation to find the corresponding (or ) coordinates
This step will not be needed in the case of the linear equation being of the form or
Examiner Tip
- Even if not given, or asked for, a sketch of the circles can help visualise their positions relative to each other
- You can then see if your final answers make sense with your sketch
Worked example
has centre and radius .
has centre and radius .
Using a sketch may help you to 'see' that .
Compare with the sum and difference of and .
The circles intersect twice
STEP 1 - Rearrange both equations so zero is on one side
STEP 2 - Put the equations equal to each other
STEP 3 - Expand and rearrange until in linear form
STEP 4 - Substitute into either circle equation
STEP 5 - Not required in this case
The intersections of the two circles have coordinates (1, 1) and (1,-1)