Volta: GCSE English Definition

What is a volta?

In GCSE English Literature, a volta is a shift or turn in a poem's tone, argument or subject matter. It is most commonly found in sonnets, where it marks a change in perspective or emotion.

Why do poets use voltas?

Poets use voltas to create contrasts, shift perspective or introduce resolutions in their poems. In sonnets, for example, the volta often marks the moment when the poet presents a solution, a new idea or an emotional shift.

Example of a volta

A good example of a volta taken from a GCSE English Literature poem is from Elizabeth Barrett Browning's poem 'Sonnet 29'. In this poem, the speaker expresses longing for their beloved. Before the volta, the speaker is overwhelmed by thoughts of their beloved, comparing them to vines that wrap around a tree:

"I think of thee!-my thoughts do twine and bud

About thee, as wild vines, about a tree"

The volta marks a shift in the poem:

"Rather, instantly

Renew thy presence; as a strong tree should,"

Here, instead of just thinking about her beloved, she urges them to be physically present (the word "rather" signifies this shift). The tone therefore shifts from longing and obsession to one of confidence and desire.

Revision resources to ace your exams

Learn how to explore a writer’s use of voltas by using our detailed GCSE revision notes.

GCSE English Literature Revision Notes 

For more literary techniques, check out our list of 127 top literary devices, complete with student-friendly definitions.