Symbolism: GCSE English Definition

What is symbolism?

In GCSE English Literature and GCSE English Language, symbolism is a literary device in which a writer uses one thing to represent something more abstract. Characters, events, settings and even colours can have a symbolic meaning. 

Why do writers use symbolism?

Writers use symbolism to add depth and layers of meaning to their work. For example, a  writer may use a rose to symbolise love or beauty. Symbols are often used to reinforce the central theme or ideas within the text, and this enables readers to see recurring patterns and deeper meanings.

Examples of symbolism

Symbolism can be found in all forms of writing. For example, in The Lord of the Flies by William Golding, the conch shell is used to symbolise democracy, free speech and civilisation on the island. As the novel develops, the conch shell is eventually destroyed, which symbolises the collapse of these concepts.

Another example of symbolism can be found in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, where blood is used to symbolise Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s guilt. Shakespeare repeatedly uses this symbol throughout the play to remind the audience of the characters’ guilt and the consequences of their actions.

Revision resources to ace your exams

Learn how to analyse symbolism in literary texts and how to use symbolism in your own English Language writing with our GCSE revision notes.

GCSE English Literature Revision Notes 

GCSE English Language Revision Notes

For more literary techniques, check out our list of 127 top literary devices, complete with student-friendly definitions.