What is momentum?
In GCSE physics, momentum is a property of an object with mass when it is in motion.
The equation for momentum is:
p = mv
Where:
p = momentum, measured in kilogram metres per second (kg m/s)
m = mass, measured in kilograms (kg)
v = velocity, measured in metres per second (m/s)
When an object is not moving, its momentum is zero. An easy way to remember momentum is ‘mass in motion’. Momentum is a vector quantity, which means it has both magnitude and direction.
If a car of mass 1500 kg has a velocity of 20 m/s, then its momentum is 1500 kg × 20 m/s = 30 000 kg m/s. A smaller car can have the same momentum if it travels faster, and a larger car can have the same momentum if it travels more slowly.
Momentum revision resources to ace your exams
You can strengthen your understanding of momentum by using our revision notes tailored specifically for the AQA, Edexcel, OCR and WJEC exam boards.
You can practice momentum questions and calculations with helpful guidance and examiner tips using our exam board specific GCSE Physics exam questions.
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