Abrasion: GCSE Geography Definition

What is abrasion?

In GCSE geography, abrasion is generally defined as the process where rocks and sediments carried by rivers, glaciers, or waves scrape and wear away surfaces, like the riverbed or coastline. This action is similar to sandpaper rubbing against wood, gradually eroding the landscape. 

Rivers

Abrasion in rivers occurs on the river bed and banks. As the bedload is moved by the water, the rocks scrape material away. This leads to the river becoming deeper and wider.

Glaciers

Abrasion in glaciers occurs at the base of the glacier. Bits of rocks, stones and boulders stuck in the ice, grinding against the rock below the glacier wearing it away.

Coasts

Abrasion occurs at the coast when rocks and material within the waves are hurled at the coastline, scraping material away.

Abrasion plays a key role in shaping landscapes over time, whether they are river, coastal or glacial landscapes. For example, as a glacier moves, it drags sharp rocks across the ground beneath, creating grooves and smoothing surfaces. This process not only changes landforms but also contributes to sediment creation, which is then transported to other areas.

Abrasion Revision Resources to Ace Your Exams

Use the Save My Exams coastal landscapes flashcards and exam questions to revise the process of abrasion and related processes. 

Explore GCSE Geography Revision Resources