Plant Structure & Function (Edexcel International AS Biology)

Exam Questions

46 mins6 questions
1a
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3 marks

Plants contain starch and cellulose.

(i)

Which part of a plant cell stores starch?

(1)

  A amyloplast
  B middle lamella
  C plasmodesmata
  D tonoplast 

(ii)

How many of the following statements about starch are correct?

1. it has a compact shape
2. it contains 1,6 glycosidic bonds only
3. it is a polymer of β-glucose
4. it is a polypeptide

(1)

  A one
  B two 
  C three 
  D four 

(iii)

How many of the following contain cellulose?

1. phloem
2. sclerenchyma
3. vacuole
4. xylem

(1)

  A one
  B two 
  C three 
  D four 
1b
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3 marks

Microfibrils are composed of cellulose.

The image shows the arrangement of microfibrils in a plant cell wall, as seen using an electron microscope.

q1b-unit-2-oct-2020-edexcel-ial-biology

© Save My Exams Ltd

Explain how the structures of cellulose and microfibrils increase the strength of a plant cell wall.

Use the information in the image to support your answer.

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2a
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4 marks

The stem of a plant contains structures involved in transporting substances and supporting the plant.

The photograph shows a section through part of the stem of a plant, as seen using a light microscope.

q5-unit-2-january-2021-edexcel-ial-biology1

(i)
Which of the labelled structures is sclerenchyma?

(1)

  A W
  B X
  C Y
  D Z


(ii)
Which of the labelled structures is involved in transporting substances both up and down the plant stem?

(1)

  A W
  B X
  C Y
  D Z


(iii)
Which of the labelled structures is involved in transporting calcium ions from the stem to the leaves?

(1)

  A V
  B W
  C X
  D Y


(iv)
Which of the following may have secondary thickening in the cell walls?

(1)

  A Phloem sieve tubes only
  B Phloem sieve tubes and sclerenchyma fibres
  C Xylem vessels only
  D Xylem vessels and sclerenchyma fibres

2b
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6 marks

Plants require inorganic ions for growth.

In an investigation, groups of plants were watered with the same volume of a nutrient solution.

The solution contained all the required inorganic ions, but with different concentrations of magnesium ions.

The table shows the results of this investigation.

Concentration of
magnesium ions in nutrient
solution / mmol dm-3
Mean dry mass
of root / g
Mean dry mass
of shoot / g
Mean total dry
mass / g
0.01 2.38 ± 0.15 15.56 ± 1.22 17.94 ± 1.38
0.10 5.42 ± 0.43 33.36 ± 1.21 38.78 ± 1.63
0.40 7.08 ± 0.50 46.06 ± 0.59 53.14 ± 0.50

(i)

Explain the importance of magnesium ions to plants.

(2)

(ii)

Comment on the results of this investigation.

Use the information in the table to support your answer.

(4)

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3a3 marks

Plants contain many types of molecule.

(i)

Which molecule is shown in the diagram?

screenshot-2022-11-30-09-27-28

(1)

  A α-glucose
  B β-glucose 
  C starch 
  D sucrose 

(ii)

Which is a feature of cellulose molecules?

(1)

  A contain peptide bonds
  B contain α-glucose molecules 
  C form microfibrils 
  D are soluble 

(iii)

Which molecule contains magnesium ions?

(1)

  A calcium pectate
  B chlorophyll 
  C DNA 
  D starch 
3b2 marks

Plants contain tissues that have different functions.

(i)

Name one tissue that gives the plant support and is also involved in the transport of water through the plant.

(1)

(ii)

Name one fibre that gives the plant support but is not involved in the transport of water through the plant.

(1)

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4a
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3 marks

The Ulin tree (Eusideroxylon zwageri), is native to Brunei, Indonesia and the Philippines.

The photograph shows an Ulin tree.q5-unit-2-oct-2021-edexcel-ial-biology

This species of tree is endangered and the export of wood from these trees is forbidden from some countries.

Suggest three reasons why this species of tree is endangered.

1............................................

2............................................

3............................................

4b
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6 marks

Trees, and other plants, contain phloem vessels and sclerenchyma fibres.

The photograph shows sieve plates in the phloem of a plant.
q5b-unit-2-oct-2021-edexcel-ial-biology



(i)
magnification ×200

Calculate the width of the phloem vessel along the line XY in micrometres. The line XY measures 3.8cm when the photograph is printed onto paper.

Give your answer in standard form.

(3)

(ii)
Describe the role of phloem.

(2)

(iii)
How many of the following statements about mature sclerenchyma fibres are correct?
  • they contain cellulose microfibrils
  • they contain pits
  • they contain cytoplasm

(1)

  A none
  B one
  C two
  D three
4c
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3 marks

The roots of plants contain phloem and xylem vessels, as shown in the diagram.q5c-unit-2-oct-2021-edexcel-ial-biology

Give three differences between the distribution of phloem and xylem in the root compared with their distribution in the stem.

1...............................................
2...............................................
3...............................................

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5a
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3 marks

Woese classified organisms into a three‐domain system.

Plant cells were classified into the Eukarya domain.

The diagram shows an incomplete cell from a plant.

q1-unit-2-january-2022-edexcel-ial-biology

Complete the diagram by drawing an amyloplast, a chloroplast and the tonoplast to show their location and relative size in this cell.

Label these three structures.

5b
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1 mark

The photograph shows an organelle found in a plant cell, as seen using an electron microscope.
edexcel-ial-unit-2-jan-2022-q1b
State the function of this organelle.

5c
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4 marks

The other domains in the three‐domain system are Archaea and Bacteria.

Complete the table to show in which of the domains the following structures would be found.

Place an X in each appropriate box.

Structure Archaea only Bacteria only Eukarya only More than one domain
 cell membrane        
 nucleolus        
 cell wall        
 70S (small) ribosome        

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6a
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1 mark

Abaca plants are found in the Philippines.

The illustrations shows some mats made from abaca plant fibres.

edexcel-ial-unit-2-jan-2022-q2a

abaca-matsObsidi♠nSoul, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Plant fibres include xylem vessels.

The photograph shows some xylem vessels, as seen using a light microscope. 

xylem

(biophotos), CC BY 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

A stain was added to the xylem before viewing using a microscope.

Give a reason why it is usual to stain specimens in microscopy.

6b
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4 marks

Explain how the arrangement of cellulose molecules and secondary thickening in xylem vessels contributes to the physical properties of the cell wall.

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