Several factors increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
The diagram shows some factors that increase the risk of CVD.
Complete the diagram with one lifestyle risk factor and one non-lifestyle risk factor.
The graph shows the effect of exercise on the relative risk of death from CVD.
Describe the conclusions that can be made from the information shown in this graph.
Dietary antioxidants may reduce the risk of CVD.
(i)
Explain how dietary antioxidants reduce the risk of CVD.
(3)
(ii)
Devise a study to confirm that antioxidants reduce the risk of CVD.
(3)
The coronary artery may become completely blocked in people with CVD.
The graph shows how the energy released by heart muscle cells changes after the coronary artery becomes completely blocked.
The heart muscle cells no longer contract 8 minutes after the coronary artery becomes completely blocked.
The heart muscle cells begin to die 20 minutes after the coronary artery becomes completely blocked.
Explain the effects on the heart function after the coronary artery becomes completely blocked.
Use the information shown in the graph and your own knowledge to support your answer.
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