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Impulse in 2D (Edexcel International A Level Maths: Mechanics 2)
Revision Note
Impulse in 2D
How does impulse work in 2D?
- Impulse and momentum can be used in 2D as they are vector quantities
- Impulse in 2D essentially works the same way as impulse in 1D
- For a constant force given by the vector N acting on a particle for seconds the impulse is given by the vector:
- The units are still N s (equivalent to kg m s-1 )
- For a particle of mass the impulse is still equal to the change in momentum
- where u m s-1 is the initial velocity vector and v m s-1 is the final velocity vector
How are questions different in 2D?
- You could be asked to work out the magnitude of the impulse
- You would need to find the two components of the impulse vector and then use Pythagoras
- You could be asked to work out the direction of the impulse
- You would need to find the two components of the impulse vector and then use SOHCAHTOA (right-angled trigonometry)
- You might need to find the angle between the impulse and the vector or so always draw a sketch
- If two particles collide in 2D then for this specification they will always be direct collisions
- This means that they will be travelling along the same line so the velocity vectors will be scalar multiples of each other
- These problems are rare and would be solved using conservation of momentum in exactly the same way as in 1D
- If you know the magnitude and direction of the impulse or a velocity then you might have to resolve it into horizontal and vertical components
Worked example
A ball of mass 0.8 kg is moving with velocity when it receives an impulse Q N s . Immediately after receiving the impulse, the velocity of the ball is .
(a)
Find the magnitude of the impulse Q N .
(b)
Find the angle between the direction of the impulse and the vector j.
Examiner Tip
- Be careful with negatives, especially when adding and subtracting vectors.
- When finding angles and directions always sketch a diagram. Read the question carefully to help you decide where the angle should be measured from.
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