Heptane, C7H16 , is an alkane found in crude oil.
Heptane can undergo incomplete combustion.
Give a reason why incomplete combustion sometimes occurs.
(1)
State symbols are not required.
(1)
Heptane is reformed into branched-chain and cyclic hydrocarbons that are used in petrol.
Draw the skeletal formulae of a branched-chain alkane and a cycloalkane, each containing seven carbon atoms.
(2)
Branched-chain alkane |
Cycloalkane |
Write the equation for the reforming of heptane into a cycloalkane.
Use molecular formulae.
(1)
Heptane, C7H16 , reacts with chlorine in the presence of ultraviolet radiation.
State the type and mechanism of this reaction.
(2)
Give the mechanism for the reaction to produce C7H15Cl, C14H30 and HCl as the only products.
Include the name of each of the steps in your mechanism.
Curly half-arrows are not required.
(7)
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