2 marksAntibiotics are medicines used to treat some medical conditions.
The table shows some medical conditions and whether or not antibiotics are needed to treat the condition.
Medical condition | Are antibiotics needed to treat the condition? |
Impetigo | yes |
Whooping cough | yes |
Middle ear infections | sometimes |
Sinus infections | sometimes |
Multiple sclerosis | no |
Rheumatoid arthritis | no |
Explain the use of antibiotics to treat these conditions.
1 markThe graph shows the effect of three drugs, J, K and L, on the number of bacteria in a culture.
Which row of the table describes each of these three drugs?
drug J | drug K | drug L | |
|---|---|---|---|
☐ A | not an antibiotic | bactericidal antibiotic | bacteriostatic antibiotic |
☐ B | not an antibiotic | bacteriostatic antibiotic | bactericidal antibiotic |
☐ C | bactericidal antibiotic | not an antibiotic | bacteriostatic antibiotic |
☐ D | bacteriostatic antibiotic | not an antibiotic | bactericidal antibiotic |
8 marksOne problem of taking antibiotics is their effect on gut flora.
The diagrams show the effects of three antibiotics, P, Q and R, on the proportion of different types of gut flora.
Each section in each of the diagrams represents a different type of gut flora.
(i) Explain the role of gut flora in protecting the body from infection.
(2)
(ii) Explain why antibiotics can affect gut flora.
(2)
(iii) The number of type A in gut flora in the absence of antibiotics is 6 000 000.
Estimate the number of type B in gut flora in the absence of antibiotics.
Give your answer in standard form.
(1)
(iv) Deduce the effects of antibiotics P, Q and R on gut flora.
(3)
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