Chemical Reactions in Solution (Oxford AQA IGCSE Combined Science Double Award) : Revision Note

Alexandra Brennan

Written by: Alexandra Brennan

Reviewed by: Stewart Hird

Updated on

Calculating Energy Changes for Reactions in Solution

  • To calculate the amount of energy produced by a chemical reaction in solution we measure the temperature change when the solutions are mixed together

  • The solutions need to be mixed together in an insulated contain to prevent heat loss

  • This method can be used for:

Equipment Set up

Apparatus used to find the energy released when two solutions are mixed together
A polystyrene cup acts a good insulator when two solutions are mixed together
  • Method:

    1. A fixed volume of one reagent is added to the calorimeter and the initial temperature taken with a thermometer

    2. An excess amount of the second reagent is added and the solution is stirred continuously

    3. The maximum temperature is recorded and the temperature rise calculated

  • Again, the energy released would be calculated using:

    Q = m x c x ΔT

    • Q = the heat energy change, J

    • m = the mass of the substance being heated, g

    • c = the specific heat capacity, J/g/°C

    • ΔT = the temperature change, °C

  • We assume that the density of the solution is the same as pure water, i.e. 1 g/cm3

Worked Example

Excess iron powder was added to 100.0 cmof copper(II) sulfate solution in a polystyrene cup.

The maximum temperature rise was 7.5 oC.

Calculate the amount of energy released in kJ.

Answer:

  • The solution is assumed to have the same density as water so 100.0 cm has a mass of 100 g

  • Q = m x c x ΔT

  • Q = 100 g x 4.18 J/g/°C x 7.5 oC = – 3135 J = -3.14 kJ

Examiner Tips and Tricks

Remember: If the temperature of the reaction increases, the reaction is exothermic so the value for the energy released (enthalpy change) should be negative.

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Alexandra Brennan

Author: Alexandra Brennan

Expertise: Chemistry Content Creator

Alex studied Biochemistry at Newcastle University before embarking upon a career in teaching. With nearly 10 years of teaching experience, Alex has had several roles including Chemistry/Science Teacher, Head of Science and Examiner for AQA and Edexcel. Alex’s passion for creating engaging content that enables students to succeed in exams drove her to pursue a career outside of the classroom at SME.

Stewart Hird

Reviewer: Stewart Hird

Expertise: Chemistry Lead

Stewart has been an enthusiastic GCSE, IGCSE, A Level and IB teacher for more than 30 years in the UK as well as overseas, and has also been an examiner for IB and A Level. As a long-standing Head of Science, Stewart brings a wealth of experience to creating Topic Questions and revision materials for Save My Exams. Stewart specialises in Chemistry, but has also taught Physics and Environmental Systems and Societies.

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