The Gas Laws (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award)): Revision Note
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The gas laws
Extended tier only
Pressure & volume (constant temperature)
If the temperature of a gas remains constant, the pressure of the gas changes when it is:
Compressed – decreases the volume which increases the pressure
Expanded – increases the volume which decreases the pressure
![Gas Volumes at Low Temperatures & High Pressures, downloadable IB Chemistry revision notes](https://cdn.savemyexams.com/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,width=3840/https://cdn.savemyexams.com/uploads/2021/05/1.2.6-Gas-Volumes-at-Low-Temperatures-High-Pressures.png)
At constant temperature, changing the volume changes the pressure
Similarly, a change in pressure can cause a change in volume
A vacuum pump can be used to remove the air from a sealed container
The diagram below shows the change in volume to a tied up balloon when the pressure of the air around it decreases:
![Vacuum pump, downloadable IGCSE & GCSE Physics revision notes](https://cdn.savemyexams.com/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,width=3840/https://cdn.savemyexams.com/uploads/2021/08/14.2.3-Vacuum-pump.png)
At constant temperature, changing the pressure changes the volume
When a gas is compressed, the molecules will hit the walls of the container more frequently
This creates a larger overall net force on the walls which increases the pressure
Pressure & temperature (constant volume)
Increasing temperature increases the pressure of a gas which is kept at a constant volume
The average speed of molecules increases when the temperature increases (and vice versa)
As the gas heats up, the molecules will travel at a higher speed
They collide with the walls more often and with greater force, increasing the pressure
Therefore, at a constant volume, an increase in temperature increases the pressure of a gas and vice versa
Diagram A shows molecules in the same volume collide with the walls of the container more as the temperature increases
Diagram B shows that since the temperature is directly proportional to the pressure (at constant volume), the graph is a straight line
![States of Matter Temperature and Pressure, downloadable IB Chemistry revision notes](https://cdn.savemyexams.com/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,width=3840/https://cdn.savemyexams.com/uploads/2021/05/1.2.5-States-of-Matter-Temperature-and-Pressure.png)
At constant volume, an increase in the temperature of the gas increases the pressure due to more collisions on the container walls
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