Half-Life (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award)): Revision Note

Half-life

• The half-life of a particular isotope is defined as:

  The time taken for half the nuclei of that isotope in any sample to decay

• The rate at which the activity of a sample decreases is measured in terms of half-life

  • This is the time it takes for the activity of a sample to fall to half its original level

• This is the time it takes for the activity of the sample to decrease from 100 % to 50 %

  • It is the same length of time as it would take to decrease from 50 % activity to 25 % activity

• Different isotopes have different half-lives and half-lives can vary from a fraction of a second to billions of years in length

  • The half-life is constant for a particular isotope

Representing half life

• Half-life can be determined from an activity–time graph

A half-life graph

The graph shows how the activity of a radioactive sample changes over time. Each time the original activity halves, another half-life has passed

• Half-life can also be represented on a table

  • As the number of the half-life increases, the proportion of the isotope remaining halves

Table showing the number of half-lives to the proportion of isotope remaining