1 markFig. 1 shows a section through a blood vessel.
Fig. 1
Identify the type of blood vessel shown in Fig. 1.
3 marksRed blood cells are different to white blood cells.
State three ways in which a red blood cell is different to a white blood cell.
4 marksBlood has many components.
(i) State the name of the liquid component of blood.
[1]
(ii) State three substances that are transported in the liquid component of blood.
[3]
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3 marksBlood circulates around the body in arteries, veins and capillaries.
Place ticks (✓) in the correct boxes in Table 1 to show the features of arteries.
Table 1
structure and function | arteries |
carries blood at high pressure |
|
carries blood towards the heart |
|
has a thick wall |
|
has a narrow lumen |
|
has valves present throughout the vessel |
|
3 marksFig. 1 shows a photomicrograph of a capillary with red blood cells passing through it.
Fig. 1
(i) State the function of the red blood cells shown in Fig. 1.
[1]
(ii) Red blood cells are one component of blood.
State the names of two other components of blood.
[2]
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4 marksA student completed different types of activity.
She measured her pulse rate during each type of activity in beats per minute (bpm).
The results are shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1
Use Fig. 1 to answer these questions.
(i) State the type of activity that results in the highest pulse rate.
[1]
(ii) State the pulse rate of the student when she was cycling. Give your answer in bpm.
[1]
(iii) Calculate the percentage increase in her pulse rate between resting and walking.
Show your working and give your answer to the nearest whole number.
[2]
1 markMeasuring the pulse is one way of monitoring the activity of the heart.
State one other way of monitoring the activity of the heart.
2 marksDescribe the changes to a person’s breathing during exercise.
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4 marksThe heart is part of the circulation system.
Fig. 1 shows a mammalian heart.
Fig. 1
Identify structures labelled A to D on Fig. 1.
1 markIdentify the septum on Fig. 1 from part (a).
1 markExplain why the human circulation system is described as a double circulation system.
2 marksExtended Tier Only
Describe the function of the right side of the heart.
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5 marksA scientist investigated the effect of different types of activity on heart rate of participants aged 21 after they had completed the activity for 10 minutes.
The results are shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1
(i) State two control variables the scientist should have ensured throughout the investigation.
[2]
(ii) Describe the results of the investigation.
[3]
3 marksDescribe how the scientist could have measured and recorded heart rate.
3 marksExtended Tier Only
Explain the effect swimming has on heart rate.
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6 marksExtended Tier Only
Fig. 1 shows a photomicrograph of human blood.
Fig. 1
Describe the differences in appearance and the functions of the three cells labelled in Fig. 1.
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3 marksFig. 1 shows a photomicrograph of some red blood cells.
Fig. 1
(i) State the function of a red blood cell.
[1]
(ii) State two ways in which a red blood cell is adapted to its function.
[2]
1 markState the name of a component of blood that is responsible for clotting.
4 marks(i) State the name of the disease caused by a blockage in the arteries supplying the heart muscle.
[1]
(ii) List three risk factors that increase the risk of a blockage in the arteries supplying the heart muscle.
[3]
4 marksDescribe how the structures of the circulatory system maintain a one-way flow of blood.
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2 marksThe blood has many components.
Fig. 1 shows a micrograph of a blood smear.
Fig. 1
On the diagram, identify a red blood cell and a white blood cell.
3 marksExtended Tier Only
Blood clots can sometimes form in veins around the body. This is called a venous thromboembolism (VTE) and can be associated with postoperative complications following surgery.
Calculate the percentage decrease in VTE death rates between 2001 and 2017.
4 marksExtended Tier Only
Veins are a type of blood vessel found in mammals.
Compare the structure and function of veins with that of arteries.
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2 marksThe coronary arteries supply the heart muscle tissue with blood.
Fig. 1 shows a coronary artery with a blockage.
Fig. 1
Explain the effect this blockage could have on heart muscle cells.
3 marksA blocked coronary artery can lead to coronary heart disease.
Table 1 shows information about blood flow through coronary arteries in two people.
Person X was diagnosed with coronary heart disease while person Y does not have coronary heart disease.
Table 1
person | blood flow through coronary arteries / cm3 min -1 |
X | 167 |
Y | 295 |
(i) Explain the difference in blood flow through the coronary arteries for persons X and Y.
[1]
(ii) Calculate the volume of blood flowing through the coronary arteries of person X in 1 hour.
Give your answer in dm3.
[2]
4 marksA blockage of the coronary artery can be caused by fatty deposits called ‘plaques’. Drugs called statins can be taken to help prevent a blockage.
Fig. 2 shows the effects of the treatment of one person with four different statins (A, B, C and D) over a period of 10 years. The arrows show when each new treatment was started.
Fig. 2
Determine a conclusion on the effectiveness of the statin treatments in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease for this person.
3 marksThe data was used to generate a report with the claim: "Coronary heart disease can be cured by statins".
Evaluate the claim made.
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