Energy Transfers in Appliances (Oxford AQA IGCSE Physics)

Revision Note

Energy Transfers in Appliances

  • Electrical appliances are designed to transfer energy electrically to different stores

  • These stores are summarised in the table below

Energy Stores Table

Energy Store

Description

Kinetic

Moving objects have energy in their kinetic store

Gravitational

Objects gain energy in their gravitational potential store when they are lifted through a gravitational field

Elastic

Objects have energy in their elastic potential store if they are stretched, squashed or bent

Magnetic

Magnetic materials interacting with each other have energy in their magnetic store

Electrostatic

Objects with charge (like electrons and protons) interacting with one another have energy in their electrostatic store

Chemical

Chemical reactions transfer energy into or away from a substance's chemical store

Nuclear

Atomic nuclei release energy from their nuclear store during nuclear reactions

Thermal

All objects have energy in their thermal store, the hotter the object, the more energy it has in this store

Boiling water in a kettle

  • When an electric kettle boils water, energy is transferred through electrical transfer from the mains electricity supply to the thermal store of the heating element inside the kettle

  • As the heating element gets hotter, energy is transferred by heating to the thermal store of the water

Energy transfer in a kettle

A kettle with an arrow from the thermal store of the kettle to the thermal store of the water for GCSE & IGCSE physics revision notes
A kettle is designed to transfer energy to the thermal store of the water

Worked Example

Describe the energy transfers when a battery-powered fan is turned on to cool a room on a hot day.

Answer:

Step 1: Consider the energy stored in the battery

  • Energy is stored in the battery's chemical store

Step 2: Consider the transfer

  • This energy is transferred electrically to the moving part of the fan

Step 3: State the final energy store in the transfer

  • The energy is transferred to the fan blades' kinetic store

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