Electrical Components (Edexcel IGCSE Physics)

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Thermistors & LDRs

  • Environmental conditions, such as temperature and light intensity, can influence the resistance of resistors, such as
    • Thermistors
    • Light-dependent resistors (LDRs)

Thermistors

  • The resistance of a thermistor depends on its temperature
  • The resistance of a thermistor is high in cold conditions and low in hot conditions
    • As the temperature increases the resistance of a thermistor decreases
    • As the temperature decreases the resistance of a thermistor increases

Thermistor, IGCSE & GCSE Physics revision notes

The resistance of a thermistor depends on its temperature

  • The relationship between resistance and temperature for a thermistor can be shown on a graph

thermistor-graph

The graph of resistance against temperature for a thermistor shows a curve indicating these quantities are inversely proportional to each other

Light-dependent resistors (LDRs)

  • The resistance of a light-dependent resistor (LDR) depends on the light intensity on it
  • The resistance of an LDR is high in dark conditions and low in bright conditions 
    • As the light intensity increases the resistance of an LDR decreases
    • As the light intensity decreases the resistance of an LDR increases

LDR & Light Intensity, downloadable IGCSE & GCSE Physics revision notes

The resistance of an LDR depends on the intensity of light on it

  • The relationship between resistance and light intensity for an LDR can be shown on a graph

ldr-resistance-light-intensity

The graph of light intensity against temperature for an LDR shows a curve indicating these quantities are inversely proportional to each other

Lamps & LEDs

  • Lamps and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) illuminate (light up) when a current flows through them
  • This makes them useful for indicating the presence of a current in a circuit

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs)

  • LEDs are a type of diode
    • This means they only allow current to flow through them in one direction
    • Therefore, in a circuit, an LED will only light up if it is placed in the correct direction
  • The circuit symbol for an LED is as follows:

LEDs can be used to indicate the presence of a current as they illuminate when current flows through them. The same is true for lamps

Examiner Tip

Make sure you learn the various symbols mentioned on this page. Many of them are very similar with small differences denoting what they do:

  • Two arrows pointing towards a symbol mean that it is light-dependent
  • Two arrows pointing away mean that it is light-emitting

Symbols are sometimes drawn with circles around them (e.g. the LDR). These circles are often optional (although not in the case of meters and bulbs).

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Ashika

Author: Ashika

Expertise: Physics Project Lead

Ashika graduated with a first-class Physics degree from Manchester University and, having worked as a software engineer, focused on Physics education, creating engaging content to help students across all levels. Now an experienced GCSE and A Level Physics and Maths tutor, Ashika helps to grow and improve our Physics resources.