Which two elements are the most commonly found in the Sun?
Hydrogen and oxygen
Helium and carbon
Hydrogen and helium
Nitrogen and oxygen
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Which two elements are the most commonly found in the Sun?
Hydrogen and oxygen
Helium and carbon
Hydrogen and helium
Nitrogen and oxygen
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Light from distant galaxies is redshifted when measured on Earth.
Which of the following ideas does this provide evidence for?
1. The Big Bang Theory
2. The Universe is expanding
3. Distant Galaxies are moving both towards us and away from us
1 only
1 and 2
2 only
1, 2 and 3
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Which of the following describes the lifecycle of a star about the size of the Sun?
interstellar hydrogen clouds → protostar → main sequence star → red supergiant → black hole
interstellar hydrogen clouds → planetary nebula → main sequence star → red giant → protostar→ white dwarf
interstellar hydrogen clouds → protostar → main sequence star → red giant → planetary nebula → white dwarf
interstellar hydrogen clouds → protostar → main sequence star → red supergiant → neutron star
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What does the constant 2.2 × 10–18 per second represent?
1 light year
Red-shift
The CMBR
The Hubble constant
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Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum does the Sun radiate most of its energy in?
radio, visible and gamma
infrared, visible and ultraviolet
infrared, X-rays and gamma
infrared, visible and gamma
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What is the correct description of the Milky Way?
Universe
Star
Galaxy
Nebula
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Which is the best description of redshift?
Distant galaxies only emit light from the red end of the spectrum.
Only red light can reach Earth from very distant stars.
Stars in the Milky Way mostly emit light at the red end of the spectrum,
The light received from distant galaxies is moved towards the red end of the spectrum.
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How many years would it take light to travel from the centre of the Milky Way to the outer edge?
500 years
50 000 years
100 000 years
100 000 light years
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What is the process which makes stable stars such as the Sun shine, and which element produced in the reaction?
| Process | Element |
A | fusion | oxygen |
B | fission | hydrogen |
C | fusion | helium |
D | fission | hydrogen |
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Which of the following equations correctly represents the age of the Universe?
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Which is the correct value of one light year?
9.5 × 1015 km
9.5 × 1015 m
9.5 × 1015 s
9.5 × 1015 days
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The planet Uranus has an average orbital radius of 4 500 million km. How long does it take light from the Sun to travel to Uranus?
4 minutes
1 hour
4 hours
4 days
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Which row shows the correct methods for measuring galactic speeds and distances?
| Galactic speeds | Galactic distances |
A | redshift | redshift |
B | redshift | brightness of supernovae |
C | brightness of supernovae | redshift |
D | brightness of supernovae | brightness of supernovae |
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Hubble's law gives an expression for the Hubble constant
What does the equation allow astronomers to calculate?
The distance to other galaxies
The speed of galactic recession
The age of the Universe
1 only
1 and 3
3 only
1, 2 and 3
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The Andromeda galaxy is 2.5 million light-years away from Earth.
What is the velocity of the galaxy as it moves away from Earth?
5200 m/s
52 km/s
5.2 km/s
520 km/s
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