Hydrogen is an element with one proton. It has three different isotopes.
Which statement about the three Hydrogen isotopes is correct?
They must have different numbers of electrons orbiting their nucleus.
They must all have one proton in their nuclei.
They must all have one neutron in their nuclei.
They must all have the same number of nucleons in their nucleus.
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The nuclide notation for a generic element is given below:
Which of the following is the correct definition of each of the terms?
| X | A | Z |
A | symbol | nucleon number | proton number |
B | symbol | proton number | nucleon number |
C | symbol | neutron number | proton number |
D | nucleon number | proton number | neutron number |
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An atom consists of electrons orbiting a nucleus. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons.
For the atom to be neutral, which statement about the atom must be correct?
The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons.
The number of protons is equal to the number of neutrons.
The number of electrons, protons and neutrons are all different.
The number of electrons is equal to the number of neutrons.
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The charge on an electron is -e.
Which answer below correctly describes the charge of a proton and the charge on a neutron?
| Proton | Neutron |
A | 0 | +e |
B | +e | -e |
C | +e | 0 |
D | -e | +e |
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An isotope of uranium is represented by the symbol:
Which of the answers below could be a different isotope of uranium?
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An atom of helium has the following nuclide symbol:
Which of the following diagrams best represents a neutral atom of helium?
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How many neutrons are in a nucleus of aluminium? The chemical symbol is given below:
13
27
14
40
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Below are the symbols for four different nuclides.
Which two nuclides are isotopes of the same element?
Nuclide 1 and nuclide 4.
Nuclide 1, nuclide 3 and nuclide 4
Nuclide 2 and nuclide 3
Nuclide 2 and nuclide 4
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Which of the following statements would not be correct for the nucleus of any atom?
The nucleus contains protons and neutrons.
The nucleus has a total charge of zero.
The nucleus is very small compared to the size of the atom.
The atom contains the same number of protons and electrons.
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A nitrogen atom loses an electron.
What is it called now?
An atom
An isotope
A negative ion
A positive ion
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Extended tier only
Nuclear reactions can release huge amounts of energy.
Which nuclear reaction takes place in the Sun and which nuclear reaction takes place in a nuclear power station?
| The Sun | A nuclear power station |
A | fusion | fusion |
B | fusion | fission |
C | fission | fission |
D | fission | fusion |
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Extended tier only
In 1911 Rutherford performed an experiment that provided evidence for the nuclear atom.
Which of the diagrams below best represents this experiment?
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Extended tier only
Fusion is a type of nuclear reaction.
Which term below is a correct statement about nuclear fusion?
It occurs in nuclear power stations.
It involves a larger nucleus decaying into two (or more) smaller nuclides.
Uranium is a type of fuel for nuclear fusion.
Light nuclei (such as hydrogen and helium) fuse together, releasing energy in the process.
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Extended tier only
A neutron and a proton are near to a positive nucleus.
If anything, what would happen to the proton and the neutron due to the charge on the nucleus?
The neutron is repelled; the proton is attracted.
The proton is not affected; the neutron is attracted.
The proton is repelled; the neutron is attracted.
The proton is repelled; the neutron is not affected.
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Extended tier only
In Rutherford's experiment, α-particles were fired at a thin metal foil. This is shown in the image below.
Why are α-particles used rather than neutrons?
They are positively charged, which causes them to repel when they pass close to a nucleus.
They are very small in diameter, and so are less likely to interact with a nucleus.
They travel more slowly.
They are heavier.
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