IGCSEPhysicsCambridge (CIE)Exam Questions2. Thermal PhysicsKinetic Particle Model of Matter

Kinetic Particle Model of Matter (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Physics)

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Kinetic Particle Model of Matter

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Kinetic Particle Model of Matter

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11 mark

A popular demonstration of kinetic theory is to view smoke particles through a microscope, while illuminating them with a bright light.

The diagram shows the view of the smoke particles through a microscope. They are moving about randomly.

q1-easy-mcq-2-1-simple-kinetic-cie-igcse-physics

What causes the motion of the smoke particles?

  • The smoke particles are attracted to each other.

  • The smoke particles vibrate because they are warm.

  • Smaller air particles are colliding with the smoke particles.

  • The microscope is vibrating slightly, making the smoke particles appear to move.

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21 mark

A sealed piston is used to expand a gas. No gas escapes during the process.

q3-easy-mcq-2-1-simple-kinetic-cie-igcse-physics

What happens to both the density of the gas and to its pressure when it is expanded in this way?

 

Density

Pressure

A

stays the same

stays the same

B

increases

decreases

C

decreases

stays the same

D

decreases

decreases

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    31 mark

    Descriptions of two different states of matter are shown below. 

    To which state of matter do each of the descriptions fit?

    X: the molecules are very close together, in fixed positions. They vibrate around these fixed positions.

    Y: the molecules move rapidly and randomly in straight lines until they collide with something. The molecules are spaced apart very far.

       

     

    State X

    State Y

    A

    solid

    liquid

    B

    solid

    gas

    C

    liquid

    gas

    D

    gas

    liquid

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      41 mark

      The diagrams represent the molecules in two different states of matter. The arrows show the motion of the molecules.

      2-1-5-e-molecules-states-of-matter

      Which state represents a solid?

      • state 1

      • neither

      • both

      • state 2

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      11 mark

      Air is trapped inside a cylinder. The volume of the cylinder cannot change.

      The temperature of the air is increased.

      Which of the graphs below shows the correct relationship between pressure and temperature?

      q2-medium-mcq-2-1-simple-kinetic-cie-igcse-physics

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        21 mark

        A beaker of water, at its boiling point of 100 oC, is heated so that the liquid starts to become a gas, also at 100 oC.

        Which row of the table correctly compares the liquid phase with the gas phase under these conditions?

         

        Average distance between the particles

        Average speed of the particles

        A

        the same in the liquid and the gas

        the same in the liquid and the gas

        B

        greater in the liquid

        greater in the gas

        C

        greater in the gas

        greater in the liquid

        D

        greater in the gas

        the same in the liquid and the gas

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          31 mark

          A sealed yet empty (except for air) plastic drinks bottle is left outside in the sunshine on a warm day.

          Which row of the table correctly describes what happens to the average speed of the air molecules, and to the pressure inside the bottle?

           

          Average speed of particles

          Pressure inside bottle

          A

          increases

          increases

          B

          increases

          decreases

          C

          decreases

          increases

          D

          decreases

          decreases

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            41 mark

            A car tyre is inflated with air.

            As the car drives, the temperature of the tyre increases, which also causes the temperature of the air inside the tyre to increase. This increases the pressure of the air inside the tyre.

            Which of the following is a correct explanation as to why?

            • The mass of air inside the tyre has increased.

            • The area of the tyre has decreased, thus increasing the pressure.

            • The air molecules collide with each other less frequently.

            • The average kinetic energy of the air molecules has increased.

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            11 mark

            Extended tier only

            A whale takes a breath at the surface of the ocean, where the pressure is 1.00 x 105 Pa. It then dives to a depth where the pressure is 1.21 x 105 Pa. The temperature is the same at this depth as it is at the surface.

            q1-hard-mcq-2-1-simple-kinetic-cie-igcse-physics

            The whale lets out a bubble of air of volume 50 cm3. This bubble rises to the surface of the ocean.

            What is the volume of the bubble when it reaches the surface?

            • 41.3 cm3

            • 60.5 cm3

            • 50.0 cm3

            • 21.0 cm3

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            21 mark

            In an experiment to determine the nature of liquids, some very tiny pollen grains are suspended in water. They are illuminated by a bright light, and observed under a microscope.

            q4-hard-mcq-2-1-simple-kinetic-cie-igcse-physics

            The view through the microscope is of small, bright dots, which move about at random, rapidly and they frequently change direction.

            Which of the following would be the correct explanation for the observation through the microscope?

            • The bright dots are water molecules, being hit by other water molecules.

            • The bright dots are water molecules, which are vibrating due to their thermal kinetic energy.

            • The bright dots are pollen grains, which are being hit many times per second by water molecules.

            • The bright dots are pollen grains, which are vibrating due to their thermal kinetic energy.

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            31 mark

            A syringe is half filled with air and sealed. The plunger is then pulled outwards, causing the volume of the gas to increase.

            This is done slowly, so that the expansion happens at a constant temperature.

            What happens to the pressure of the gas, and to the speed of the air molecules?

             

            Pressure inside syringe

            Speed of air molecules

            A

            stays the same

            stays the same

            B

            increases

            decreases

            C

            decreases

            stays the same

            D

            decreases

            decreases

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