True or False? Most of the mass of an atom is located in its electrons .

False. Most of the mass of an atom is located in its nucleus .

What is the charge on the nucleus of an atom?

The charge on the nucleus is positive .

Where are electrons located within an atom?

Electrons are found orbiting around the nucleus.

True or False? In Rutherford's experiment, most alpha particles fired at gold foil passed straight through. (Extended Tier Only)

True. Most of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil in Rutherford's experiment.

What caused the deflection of some alpha particles in Rutherford's Experiment? (Extended Tier Only)

In Rutherford's experiment, the positive alpha particles were repelled by the small, dense positive nucleus, which caused deflection.

In Rutherford's experiment, what observation provided evidence that an atom has a very small nucleus surrounded by mostly empty space? (Extended Tier Only)

The observation which provided evidence that an atom has a very small nucleus surrounded by mostly empty space was that most alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil undeflected.

True or False? An atom is neutral because it has an equal number of protons and neutrons.

False. An atom is neutral because it has an equal number of protons and electrons .

Define the term ion .

An ion is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons .

How do negative ions form?

A negative ion is formed when an atom gains electrons , resulting in more electrons than protons.

How do positive ions form?

A positive ion is formed when an atom loses electrons, resulting in more protons than electrons.

True or False? The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons.

True. The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons.

Define the term proton number .

The proton number , or atomic number (Z), is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

What does the nucleon number represent?

The nucleon number , or mass number (Z), represents the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

True or False? The atomic number determines which element an atom is.

True. The atomic number (proton number) determines which element an atom is.

An atom contains 26 protons and 28 neutrons. What is its nucleon number?

The nucleon number of an atom that contains 26 protons and 28 neutrons is 54 .

Define the term isotope .

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons .

True or False? An element may have only one isotope.

False. An element may have more than one isotope.

True or False? Two different isotopes of uranium have the same number of neutrons.

False. Two different isotopes of uranium have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons .

True or False? Protons have a relative charge of +1.

True. Protons have a relative charge of +1.

What is the relative charge of an electron?

The relative charge of an electron is -1 .

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

The relative charge of a neutron is 0 .

True or False? The charges on a neutron and proton are equal in size but opposite in sign.

False. The charges on an electron and proton are equal in size but opposite in sign.

True or False? The relative charge on a nucleus is dependent on the number of neutrons present in the nucleus. (Extended Tier Only)

False. The relative charge on a nucleus is dependent on the number of protons present in the nucleus.

What is the relationship between proton number and relative charge? (Extended Tier Only)

The relationship between proton number and relative charge is the proton number is equal to the relative charge on the nucleus.

True or False? The relative mass of a nucleus includes the mass of electrons. (Extended Tier Only)

False. The relative mass of a nucleus includes only the protons and neutrons .

True or False? The relative mass of a nucleus is the same as the nucleon number. (Extended Tier Only)

True. The relative mass of a nucleus is the same as the nucleon number.

Define nuclear fission. (Extended Tier Only)

Nuclear fission is the splitting of a large nucleus into two smaller nuclei.

True or false? Neutrons and gamma radiation can be released in nuclear fission reactions. (Extended Tier Only)

True. Neutrons and gamma radiation can be released in nuclear fission reactions.

Define nuclear fusion. (Extended Tier Only)

Nuclear fusion is when two light nuclei join to form a heavier nucleus.

True or False? In a nuclear fusion reaction, the mass of the fused nucleus is the same as the mass of the two nuclei that fused together. (Extended Tier Only)

False. In a nuclear fusion reaction, the mass of the fused nucleus is less than the mass of the two nuclei that fused together. The remaining mass has been converted to energy.

True or False? Nuclear fusion requires extremely high temperatures to maintain. (Extended Tier Only)

True. Nuclear fusion requires extremely high temperatures to maintain.

True or False? The amount of energy released during nuclear fusion is small. (Extended Tier Only)

False The amount of energy released during nuclear fusion is huge .

True or False? The energy produced during nuclear fusion comes from a very small amount of the particle’s charge being converted into energy. (Extended Tier Only)

False. The energy produced during nuclear fusion comes from a very small amount of the particle’s mass being converted into energy.

IGCSEPhysicsCambridge (CIE)Flashcards5. Nuclear PhysicsThe Nuclear Model of the Atom

The Nuclear Model of the Atom (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Physics)

Flashcards

1/40

FrontThe Atom
True or False?
Most of the mass of an atom is located in its electrons.

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Cards in this collection (40)

True or False?
Most of the mass of an atom is located in its electrons.
False.
Most of the mass of an atom is located in its nucleus.
What is the charge on the nucleus of an atom?
The charge on the nucleus is positive.
Where are electrons located within an atom?
Electrons are found orbiting around the nucleus.
True or False?
In Rutherford's experiment, most alpha particles fired at gold foil passed straight through. (Extended Tier Only)
True.
Most of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil in Rutherford's experiment.
What caused the deflection of some alpha particles in Rutherford's Experiment? (Extended Tier Only)
In Rutherford's experiment, the positive alpha particles were repelled by the small, dense positive nucleus, which caused deflection.
In Rutherford's experiment, what observation provided evidence that an atom has a very small nucleus surrounded by mostly empty space? (Extended Tier Only)
The observation which provided evidence that an atom has a very small nucleus surrounded by mostly empty space was that most alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil undeflected.
True or False?
An atom is neutral because it has an equal number of protons and neutrons.
False.
An atom is neutral because it has an equal number of protons and electrons.
Define the term ion.
An ion is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons.
How do negative ions form?
A negative ion is formed when an atom gains electrons, resulting in more electrons than protons.
How do positive ions form?
A positive ion is formed when an atom loses electrons, resulting in more protons than electrons.
True or False?
The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons.
True.
The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons.
Define the term proton number.
The proton number, or atomic number (Z), is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
What does the nucleon number represent?
The nucleon number, or mass number (Z), represents the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
True or False?
The atomic number determines which element an atom is.
True.
The atomic number (proton number) determines which element an atom is.
What is the proton number of an atom with the nuclide notation ${}_{13}^{27}{Al}$ ?
The proton number of an atom with the nuclide notation ${}_{13}^{27}{Al}$ is 13.
An atom contains 26 protons and 28 neutrons. What is its nucleon number?
The nucleon number of an atom that contains 26 protons and 28 neutrons is 54.
Define the term isotope.
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
True or False?
An element may have only one isotope.
False.
An element may have more than one isotope.
The nuclide notation for an isotope of iron is ${}_{26}^{58}{Fe}$ . How many neutrons does an atom of iron ${}_{26}^{58}{Fe}$ contain?
An atom of iron ${}_{26}^{58}{Fe}$ contains 32 neutrons.
True or False?
Two different isotopes of uranium have the same number of neutrons.
False.
Two different isotopes of uranium have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
True or False?
Protons have a relative charge of +1.
True.
Protons have a relative charge of +1.
What is the relative charge of an electron?
The relative charge of an electron is -1.
What is the relative charge of a neutron?
The relative charge of a neutron is 0.
True or False?
The charges on a neutron and proton are equal in size but opposite in sign.
False.
The charges on an electron and proton are equal in size but opposite in sign.
True or False?
The relative charge on a nucleus is dependent on the number of neutrons present in the nucleus. (Extended Tier Only)
False.
The relative charge on a nucleus is dependent on the number of protons present in the nucleus.
What is the relationship between proton number and relative charge? (Extended Tier Only)
The relationship between proton number and relative charge is the proton number is equal to the relative charge on the nucleus.
True or False?
The relative mass of a nucleus includes the mass of electrons. (Extended Tier Only)
False.
The relative mass of a nucleus includes only the protons and neutrons.
True or False?
The relative mass of a nucleus is the same as the nucleon number. (Extended Tier Only)
True.
The relative mass of a nucleus is the same as the nucleon number.
What is the relative charge on the nucleus of an atom of ${}_{12}^{24}{Mg}$ ? (Extended Tier Only)
The relative charge on the nucleus of an atom of ${}_{12}^{24}{Mg}$ is +12.
What is the relative mass of the nucleus of an atom of ${}_{35}^{80}{Br}$ ? (Extended Tier Only)
The relative mass of the nucleus of an atom of ${}_{35}^{80}{Br}$ is 80.
Define nuclear fission. (Extended Tier Only)
Nuclear fission is the splitting of a large nucleus into two smaller nuclei.
True or false?
Neutrons and gamma radiation can be released in nuclear fission reactions. (Extended Tier Only)
True.
Neutrons and gamma radiation can be released in nuclear fission reactions.
Define nuclear fusion. (Extended Tier Only)
Nuclear fusion is when two light nuclei join to form a heavier nucleus.
True or False?
The equation below shows a nuclear fission reaction. (Extended Tier Only)
${}_{1}^{2}H + {}_{1}^{1}H \to {}_{2}^{3}{He}$
False.
The equation shows a nuclear fusion reaction
True or False?
In a nuclear fusion reaction, the mass of the fused nucleus is the same as the mass of the two nuclei that fused together. (Extended Tier Only)
False.
In a nuclear fusion reaction, the mass of the fused nucleus is less than the mass of the two nuclei that fused together. The remaining mass has been converted to energy.
True or False?
Nuclear fusion requires extremely high temperatures to maintain. (Extended Tier Only)
True.
Nuclear fusion requires extremely high temperatures to maintain.
True or False?
The amount of energy released during nuclear fusion is small. (Extended Tier Only)
False
The amount of energy released during nuclear fusion is huge.
What type of reaction is shown in the nuclide equation below: nuclear fission or nuclear fusion? (Extended Tier Only)
${}_{92}^{235}U + {}_{0}^{1}n \to {}_{36}^{92}{Kr} + {}_{56}^{141}{Ba} + 3 {}_{0}^{1}n$
The type of reaction shown in the nuclide equation is nuclear fission.
True or False?
The energy produced during nuclear fusion comes from a very small amount of the particle’s charge being converted into energy. (Extended Tier Only)
False.
The energy produced during nuclear fusion comes from a very small amount of the particle’s mass being converted into energy.
True or False?
In a nuclide equation to represent a nuclear fission reaction, a neutron can be represented by ${}_{1}^{0}n$ . (Extended Tier Only)
False.
In a nuclide equation to represent a nuclear fission reaction, a neutron can be represented by ${}_{0}^{1}n$ .