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Pressure (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Physics)

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    What is pressure?

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  • What is pressure?

    Pressure is defined as the concentration of a force or the force per unit area.

  • State the equation relating pressure, force and area.

    The equation for pressure, force and area is P space equals space F over A

    Where:

    • P = pressure, measured in pascals (Pa)

    • F = force, measured in newton's (N)

    • A = surface area, measured in metres squared (m2)

  • True or False?

    Pressure is measured in pascals (Pa).

    True.

    Pressure is measured in pascals (Pa).

  • What is the relationship between force, pressure and surface area?

    A force applied over a large area will result in a small pressure, and vice versa.

  • True or False?

    A high-heeled shoe produces the same pressure on the ground as a flat-soled shoe when worn by the same person.

    False.

    A high-heeled shoe produces a higher pressure on the ground than a flat-soled shoe when worn by the same person.

    This is because the same force is applied over a smaller surface area.

  • Why do tractors need large tyres?

    Tractors need large tyres to spread their weight over a large area to reduce the pressure they exert on the ground.

    This prevents them from sinking into the mud.

  • What happens when a force is applied to a nail placed against a wall?

    When a force is applied to the nail, it pierces and enters the wall.

    This is because the applied force is concentrated at the sharp pointed end, which produces a large pressure over a small area.

  • True or False?

    The area used in calculating the pressure should always be the cross-sectional area of the object.

    True.

    The area used in calculating the pressure should always be the cross-sectional area of the object.

    This is the area which is perpendicular (90 degrees) to the applied force.

  • A box is placed on a table. Calculate the pressure applied by the grey face of the box onto the table.

    A rectangular prism with dimensions labeled as 4 meters tall, 3 meters wide, and 2 meters deep. It is noted to weigh 24 newtons.

    The pressure applied by the grey face of the box onto the table is 4 Pa.

    • surface space area space equals space 3 space cross times space 2 space equals space 6 space straight m squared

    • P space equals space F over A space equals space 24 over 6 space equals space 4 space Pa

  • Define a fluid.

    A fluid is either a liquid or a gas.

  • How does a liquid exert force on an object suspended in it?

    When an object is suspended in a liquid, it exerts pressure evenly across the whole surface of the object and in all directions.

    This pressure creates a force which acts at 90 degrees (right angles) to each surface.

  • How does increasing depth and density affect the pressure of a liquid?

    The pressure of a liquid increases with both increased depth and increased density of the liquid.

  • True or False?

    The force created by pressure in a liquid is exerted on an object in one direction only.

    False.

    The force created by pressure in a liquid is exerted evenly across the whole surface of an object.

  • State the equation for the pressure difference of an object in a fluid.

    The equation for pressure difference in a fluid is increment p space equals space rho g increment h

    Where:

    • increment p = change in pressure, measured in pascals (Pa)

    • rho = density of the liquid, measured in kilograms per metre cubed (kg/m3)

    • g = gravitational field strength on Earth, measured in newtons per kilogram (N/kg)

    • increment h = change in depth of the object in the liquid, measured in metres (m)

  • State the meaning of increment p in equation increment p space equals space rho g increment h. (Extended Tier Only)

    In the pressure equation for liquids increment p represents the change in pressure in pascals (Pa).

  • State the meaning ofspace rho in the equation increment p space equals space rho g increment h. (Extended Tier Only)

    rho in the pressure equation for liquids stands for the density of the liquid, measured in kilograms per metre cubed (kg/m³).

  • What quantities are needed to calculate the depth of water in a swimming pool? (Extended Tier Only)

    The depth of water in a swimming pool can be calculated using the pressure equation: increment p space equals space rho g increment h

    The quantities needed to calculate depth increment h are:

    • increment p = the pressure of the water at the bottom of the pool

    • space rho = the density of the water

    • g = the gravitational field strength of Earth

  • State the property of pressure in a liquid demonstrated in the diagram.

    Diagram of water flowing from three openings at different heights in a container. Top jet labeled "weakest jet," bottom jet labeled "strongest jet," with ruler below.

    The property of pressure in a liquid demonstrated in the diagram is that pressure increases with depth.

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