Congruence, Similarity & Geometrical Proof (Edexcel IGCSE Maths A: Higher)

and  are straight lines.
and  are parallel

.

Calculate the length of .

ABC and EDC are straight lines.
EA is parallel to DB.

EC = 8.1 cm.
DC = 5.4 cm.
DB = 2.6 cm,

Work out the length of AE.

AC = 6.15 cm.

Work out the length of AB.

The diagram shows two water towers in Kuwait.

The real height of tower  is .
The real height of tower  is .

Ahmed makes a scale model of both towers.

The height of tower  on the scale model is .

Work out the height of tower  on the scale model.
Give your answer correct to the nearest centimetre.

and are chords of a circle.

= 9 cm  = 6 cm = 8 cm

Calculate the length of .

......................cm

and are similar triangles.

Which of these is equivalent to ?

Circle your answer.

and are points on a circle.

• bisects angle .

• is a tangent to the circle.

Angle

Prove that

The diagram shows triangle ABC.
CD is parallel to AB.
A, C and E lie in a straight line.
Angles of size and are shown.

Insert  ° or to make this statement true. Give a reason for your answer.

Angle DCE = ......... because ....................................................................................................

Use the diagram and the answer to part (a) to show that the angles of a triangle add up to 180°.

Give a reason for each statement you make.

In the diagram AB is parallel to CD.
AED and BEC are straight lines.

Prove that triangle ABE is similar to triangle CDE.

Anna estimates the height of a tree.

Anna holds a ruler vertically so the height of the tree is exactly covered by the ruler.
She is 20 metres from the tree.
The ruler is 30cm long.
The horizontal distance from her eyes to the ruler is 60 cm.

Calculate an estimate of the height of the tree.

.......................... m 

Give two reasons why this method may not be suitable to estimate the height of a very tall building.

In the diagram, AB and CD are parallel.
AD and BC intersect at right angles at the point X.
AB = 10 cm, CD = 5 cm, AX = 8 cm and BX = 6 cm.

Use similar triangles to calculate DX.

DX = ........................................... cm 

and  are four points on the circumference of a circle.

and  are straight lines.
Prove that triangle  and triangle  are similar.
You must give reasons for each stage of your working.

Steve has a photo and a rectangular piece of card.

The photo is 16 cm by 10 cm.
The card is 30 cm by 15 cm.

Steve cuts the card along the dotted line shown in the diagram below.

Steve throws away the piece of card that is 15 cm by  cm. The piece of card he has left is mathematically similar to the photo.

Work out the value of .

Rectangle  is mathematically similar to rectangle .

Work out the area of rectangle .

PQR and PTS are straight lines.
Angle PTQ = Angle PSR = 90^o.
QT = 4 cm
RS = 12 cm
TS = 10 cm

Work out the area of the trapezium QRST.

Work out the length of PT.

is a diameter of a circle.
is a chord of the circle.

Calculate the radius of the circle.

........................................... cm 

The diagram shows a triangle and a trapezium.

Prove that 

The diagram below shows two right-angled triangles.

Prove that triangles PQS and QRS are similar.

In the diagram, is parallel to .
and are straight lines.
= 8 cm, = 10 cm and = 9cm.

Calculate .

= .......................................... cm 

 is a regular pentagon.
and  are points on a circle, centre .
and  are tangents to the circle.
 is a straight line.

Prove that .

The two triangles in the diagram are similar.

There are two possible values of .

Work out each of these values. State any assumptions you make in your working.

The diagram shows the side view of a step ladder with a horizontal strut of length 48 cm.

The strut is one third of the way up the ladder.

The symmetrical cross section of the ladder shows two similar triangles.

Work out the vertical height,  cm, of the ladder.

...........................cm

lies on a circle with diameter .
lies on and lies on such that is parallel to .
= 21 cm, = 18 cm and = 13.5 cm.

Work out the radius of the circle.

............................................ cm 

 The diagonals of the cyclic quadrilateral ABCD intersect at X.  

Explain why triangle ADX is similar to triangle BCX. Give a reason for each statement you make.

AD  = 10 cm, BC  = 8 cm, BX  = 5 cm, CX  = 7 cm.  

Calculate DX.

DX = ........................................... cm 

A solid metal cone has radius 10 cm and height 36 cm.
Calculate the volume of this cone.

[The volume, , of a cone with radius  and height  is  .]  

......................................... cm³ 

The cone is cut, parallel to its base, to give a smaller cone.

The volume of the smaller cone is half the volume of the original cone.

The smaller cone is melted down to make two different spheres.

The ratio of the radii of these two spheres is 1 : 2.

Calculate the radius of the smaller sphere.

[The volume, , of a sphere with radius  is  .]

.......................................... cm