Types of Digital Devices (Edexcel IGCSE ICT): Revision Note

What is a computer?

• A computer is an electronic device capable of taking an input, processing data, storing information and providing an output

• Data that is input, is raw, unprocessed information

• Information is data that people understand

Mainframe computers & microprocessors

What is a mainframe computer?

• A mainframe computer is a computer with huge processing power and data storage capabilities

• Built to handle enormous amounts of data and carry out complex calculations

• Designed to be secure, reliable and support large volumes of simultaneous users

• Carry out critical tasks for large organisations in sectors such as:

  • Finance

  • Health

  • Government etc.

What is a microprocessor?

• A microprocessor is an integrated circuit (IC) that contains a central processing unit (CPU)

• A microprocessor is embedded into devices to help them carry out tasks

• The microprocessor is responsible for executing instructions

• Microprocessors are used in a home to monitor and control devices such as:

  • Central heating systems

  • Security alarm systems

  • Home entertainment system etc.

Laptops & desktop computers

What is a desktop computer?

• A desktop computer is a computer designed to stay in one place, for example on a desk

• A desktop computer traditionally consists of a separate:

  • Monitor

  • Computer

  • Keyboard & mouse

• Desktop computers are typically more powerful than mobile computers

• Desktop computers are upgradable, the parts can be replaced/changed to increase performance

Uses of desktop computers

What is a laptop computer?

• A laptop computer is a computer designed to be portable

• A laptop computer traditionally consists of built-in:

  • Monitor

  • Computer

  • Keyboard & trackpad or touch screen keyboard & pointer

• Laptop computers are typically less powerful than desktop computers due to:

  • Power constraints due to size

  • Focus on extending battery life

• Laptop computers are not easily upgradable, components are integrated for size and efficiency

• Laptop computers are battery powered

• Some laptops are used as desktop replacements

Advantages and disadvantages

Mobile phones & tablet devices

What is a mobile phone?

• A mobile phone is an ultra portable electronic device designed to be lightweight and fit in a pocket or small bag

• Mobile phones are used to transmit information between people and devices using radio waves

• Two examples of mobile phones are:

  • Smartphones

  • Specialist

Smartphones

• A smartphone is a versatile general purpose device

• Smartphones use subscriber identity module (SIM) cards to link the devices to a network carrier, allowing them to make phone calls and send messages

• Smartphones include features such as:

Specialist

• A specialist phone is designed for a particular groups of users or environment

• They prioritise specific features over general purpose use

What is a tablet device?

• A tablet is a general purpose device that sits between a laptop and a smartphone

• A quick comparison shows:

Other digital devices

Multifunctional devices

What is a multifunctional device?

• A multifunctional device is a device designed to carry out a wide range of tasks

• Multifunctional devices combine functions that would usually be separate

• Examples of multifunctional devices include:

  • Smartphones - Communication, photography, gaming, media playback/streaming, web browsing all in one device

  • Printers - Printing, copying and scanning in one device

  • Smart TVs - Watch TV, connect to the internet, stream content

What is convergence?

• Convergence is the merging of technologies that would usually be separate

• Convergence led to the rise of smartphones