Recognition Systems (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE ICT)

Revision Note

Author

Robert Hampton

Expertise

Computer Science Content Creator

What is a recognition system?

A recognition system is a way of using computer technology to automatically identify something
Common examples of recognition systems include:
- Facial recognition
- Speech recognition
- Optical character recognition

OMR & OCR

What is OMR?

Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) detects marked areas on paper by using a special machine to read the marks
Examples include:
- Multiple-choice examination
- Barcodes
- QR codes
Automates data collection and entry

An OMR form being filled in

Advantages	Disadvantages
Fast and efficient data collection Reduces manual entry errors	Limited to predetermined responses Sensitive to poor marking or smudging

What is OCR?

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) converts printed or handwritten text into digital format
Useful for digitising documents
Assists in searching and editing text
Automated Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) is an example of OCR
- For example, reading number plates and controlled entry and exit at airport parking

Advantages	Disadvantages
No staff required Faster, no need to stop and take tickets etc Stops cars parking illegally, cannot enter without authorisation	Privacy concerns as number plates are recorded Number plates can be cloned Dirty or broken number plates can not be read Lack of staff could lead to vandalism

RFID & NFC

What is RFID?

Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFIDs) use radio waves to identify and track objects
Examples of where RFID can be used is:
- Stock tracking
- Passports
- Vehicles
- Contactless payment
RFID tags are made of a microchip and antenna and can be either:
- Passive - uses energy from the reader
- Active - has it's own power source

Stock tracking	Livestock tracking on a farm Keeping track of animals Location Medical data Active tags would be used due to the distance involved
Passports	Passive chips in passports Read by a reader to decrypt data stored on the chip Personal details Photo Fingerprints
Vehicles	Track progress on assembly line Used on toll roads to automate payment and raise barriers Entry and exit to carparks

What is NFC?

Near field communication (NFC) is a subset of RFID which allows communication between two devices in very close proximity
NFC can be either:
- Passive - uses energy from the reader
- Active - has it's own power source
Smartphones use active NFC to allow contactless payments by tapping a smartphone on a reader
Smartphones can also exchange data using NFC by tapping together (usually back to back)

Worked Example

A farmer has purchased a computerised feeding system for her goats. A goat has an RFID tag
attached to its ear, which is recognised by the computer. The system uses a passive RFID tag.
a. Describe how the RFID tag can be activated.

[3]

b. Describe how RFID technology will be used to give the correct feed to the animal.

[3]

Answers

a. three of:

The RFID reader sends radio waves / signals to the RFID antenna in the tag [1]
The tag sends radio wave/signal back to the reader [1]
The radio waves move from the tag’s antenna to the microchip [1]
A signal is generated and sent back to the RF system [1]
The RF wave is detected by the reader which interprets the data [1]

b. three of:

The goat passes the RFID reader [1]
The RFID reader extracts data from the tag [1]
The ID is compared with data stored in the database [1]
The feed for the goat is then selected/identified / read from the database [1]

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