How Complete was Stalin’s Control by 1941? (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE History)

Revision Note

Zoe Wade

Written by: Zoe Wade

Reviewed by: Bridgette Barrett

Arguments for Stalin's Complete Control of Russia

An illustration supporting the claim that Stalin had total control of the USSR
An illustration supporting the claim that Stalin had total control of the USSR
An illustration supporting the claim that Stalin had total control of the USSR
An illustration supporting the claim that Stalin had total control of the USSR

Arguments Against Stalin's Complete Control of Russia

An illustration countering the claim that Stalin had total control of the USSR
An illustration countering the claim that Stalin had total control of the USSR
An illustration countering the claim that Stalin had total control of the USSR
An illustration countering the claim that Stalin had total control of the USSR

Worked Example

‘Stalin controlled the USSR through the use of show trials.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer

10 marks

Partial answer:

I do not agree with the statement (1). Stalin mainly controlled the USSR through the use of a cult of personality (1). Portraits, photographs and statues of Stalin were everywhere showing him to be a godlike, fatherly figure who would guide the USSR (1). This controlled the people because people followed his orders through indoctrination and devotion to him. The people believed that if they went against Stalin, they went against an almost holy figure and would be punished (1).

Examiner Tips and Tricks

A strong response for this Paper One question needs to examine both sides of the argument. The next paragraph would explain why show trials controlled the USSR. You could explain how Stalin used show trials to rid the USSR of political enemies. Continue to use a clear PEE structure as shown above.


You would then need to write a conclusion explaining whether show trials were the main method of control in Stalin's regime. Remember to use phrases like ‘fully’ or ‘partially' to explain your opinion. Consider if fear or propaganda was the most powerful method of control in the USSR.

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Zoe Wade

Author: Zoe Wade

Expertise: History

Zoe has worked in education for 10 years as a teaching assistant and a teacher. This has given her an in-depth perspective on how to support all learners to achieve to the best of their ability. She has been the Lead of Key Stage 4 History, showing her expertise in the Edexcel GCSE syllabus and how best to revise. Ever since she was a child, Zoe has been passionate about history. She believes now, more than ever, the study of history is vital to explaining the ever-changing world around us. Zoe’s focus is to create accessible content that breaks down key historical concepts and themes to achieve GCSE success.

Bridgette Barrett

Author: Bridgette Barrett

Expertise: Geography Lead

After graduating with a degree in Geography, Bridgette completed a PGCE over 25 years ago. She later gained an MA Learning, Technology and Education from the University of Nottingham focussing on online learning. At a time when the study of geography has never been more important, Bridgette is passionate about creating content which supports students in achieving their potential in geography and builds their confidence.