Impacts of Natural Hazards (Edexcel IGCSE Geography)

Damage to properties from high wind, heavy rain and storm surges, power cables and telephone lines

Rebuilding of homes, schools, infrastructure and businesses can take time 

Impact on businesses, tourism and transport

The cost of rebuilding affects the economy, increases unemployment

Landslides

Stricter building codes introduced

Deaths and injuries, decrease in quality of life

Mental health, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Crops destroyed, impacting on farmers incomes and increasing food prices

Risk assessment and hazard mapping reviewed

Habitat destruction

Estimated 6400 deaths

Cost US$5.8 billion

4.1 million people made homeless

Build Back Better launched in 2014 to upgrade buildings to reduce the damage from future tropical cyclones. However, by 2016 only 1% of target of 200,000 homes had been achieved

90% Tacloban destroyed

No build zone along the Eastern Visayas coastline

Roads blocked by debris and landslides

Storm surge warning system 

Electricity supply down in some areas for six weeks

Mangroves replanted

Airport at Tacloban badly damaged

Tropical storm shelters built inland

1.1 million tonnes of crops destroyed

One year on 4 million people still in temporary shelters

33 million coconut trees destroyed 

Six months after in Tacloban access to clean water was still limited

1.1 million homes damaged or destroyed

14 million people affected

Landslides

Approximately 8600 deaths

Cost US$10 billion

19,000 injuries

7000 schools rebuilt

Avalanches on Mount Everest and in the Langtang valley

Two years later 70% of displaced people still in temporary shelters

Roads blocked due to landslides

Stricter building codes introduced - but not always enforced

Landslides - village of Ghodatabela covered, leading to 250 deaths

Asian Development Bank (ADB) provided US$3 million grant 

Over 600,000 houses destroyed and over 250,000 damaged

Grants of US$3000 for people to rebuild homes - Many have not re-paid this 5 years later

UNESCO World Heritage sites destroyed - Changu Narayan Temple and Dharahara Tower

8,300 Schools damaged or destroyed

1,000 health centres destroyed

353 deaths

Hazard map updated and exclusion zone expanded permanently to 2.5km

577 injuries

0ver 2,500 residents moved to permanent new homes 

Pyroclastic flow travelled 3km 

Money given to farmers by the government to replace livestock and crops

Volcanic ash fell up to 480km away

Improved monitoring 

30cm of ash covered nearby villages including Bronggang 15km from the volcano and Yogyakarta

Increased education to inform people of what to do and where to go in the event of another eruption

Exclusion zone extended to 20km 

Dams built to hold back lahars

Roads blocked 

Soils will be more fertile due to the minerals contained in the falling ash

Food prices increase

350,000 people evacuated

Schools and airports closed

Lahars

Decrease in tourism income