Geographical Skills (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Geography)

Fig. 5.1 shows information about the states most affected by soil erosion in one year in the USA. Information is shown for two types of soil erosion: by wind and by water.

How much soil was eroded by water in Missouri?

.............................................. million tonnes

Fig. 5.2 shows the location of the states listed in Fig. 5.1.

Fig. 5.1 

(i)

Which of the following statements describes the location of the states in Fig. 5.2? Tick one box below.

(ii)

Using Figs. 5.1 and 5.2, give one difference between the distribution of the states with soil erosion by wind and the distribution of the states with soil erosion by water.

Fig. 5.3 shows the rainfall of the states shown in Figs. 5.1 and 5.2.

(i)

Using Figs. 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3, describe how the amount of rainfall affects whether soil erosion is by wind or by water.

[1]

(ii)

Explain why the amount of rainfall affects whether soil erosion is by wind or by water.

[2]

Study the map extract for Biancavilla, Italy. The scale is 1:50000.

Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features around the settlement at S. Maria di Licodia in the south east of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below.

Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1:

(i)

the name of river A

[1]

(ii)

the height above sea level of the spot height at B

.................................... metres                                                                                                               [1]

(iii)

feature C

 [1]

(iv)

feature D

[1]

(v)

feature E.

 [1]

Fig. 1.2 shows two areas, P in the south west of the map extract and Q, in the north east of the map extract. Study the two areas and answer the questions below.

The table below compares the features of the two areas. Complete the table by putting ticks in the correct four boxes. Use only one tick () for each row.

Study the map extract for Stoumont, Belgium. The scale is 1:50000.

Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features around the main settlement at Stoumont. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below.

Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1:

(i)

feature A

[1]

(ii)

the land use at B

[1]

(iii)

the height above sea level of the contour at C

.............. metres

[1]

(iv)

feature D

[1]

(v)

feature E

[1]

(vi)

feature F

[1]

What is the six-figure grid reference of the junction at point G in Fig. 1.1?

Fig. 1.2 is a cross section from point X to point Y in Fig. 1.1.

(i)

The cross section shown in Fig. 1.2 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line on Fig. 1.2 to complete the cross section.

[2]

(ii)

In Fig. 1.2, use a labelled arrow to show the position of the L’Amblève river.

[1]

Find the N645 road that runs from near the settlement of Chevron in the south west of the map extract to the bridge over the L’Amblève river.

(i)

What is the distance along the road from the south edge of the map to the bridge over the L’Amblève river? Tick () one box below.

[1]

(ii)

What is the compass direction from the point where the road meets the south edge of the map to the bridge over the L’Amblève river?

[1]

(iii)

Measure the bearing from the point where the road meets the south edge of the map to the bridge over the L’Amblève river.

.............................. degrees

[1]

(iv)

Describe the route of the N645 road.

[3]

Fig. 1.3 shows an area in the north east of the map extract.

Which three of the following statements describe the relief of the area shown in Fig. 1.3? Tick () only three boxes below.

Look at the main settlement on the map extract at Stoumont. Give one reason for the growth of the settlement.

Study the map extract for Hamoir, Belgium. The scale is 1:50000.

Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features around the settlement at Ouffet in the north west of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below.

Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1:

(i)

feature A

[1]

(ii)

the height above sea level of the contour at B

............................. metres

[1]

(iii)

feature C

 [1]

(iv)

the land use at D

 [1]

(v)

feature E.

 [1]

Describe the pattern of main and secondary roads in the area shown on Fig. 1.1.

Look at the part of the N66 road that runs from the bridge over the river at Hamoir to the east edge of the map extract.

(i)

What is the distance along the road from the bridge over the river at Hamoir to the east edge of the map extract? Tick one box below.

[1]

(ii)

What is the compass direction from the bridge over the river at Hamoir to where the N66 road meets the east edge of the map extract?

 [1]

(iii)

Measure the bearing from the bridge over the river at Hamoir to where the N66 road meets the east edge of the map extract.

          ............................................... degrees

[1]

(iv)

Give the six-figure grid reference of the bridge over the river at Hamoir.

 [1]

Fig. 1.2 is a cross section along northing 90 from 770900 to 830900.

(i)

On Fig. 1.2, use labelled arrows to show the position of:

• the main river
• the Chat. de Renal (shown by a symbol for a castle)

[2]

(ii)

The cross section shown on Fig. 1.2 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line on Fig. 1.2 to complete the cross section.

[1]

Which three of the following statements describe the main river on the map extract? Tick only three boxes below.

Look at the settlement at Hamoir. Describe the site and give reasons for the growth of the settlement.

Study the map extract for Esneux, Belgium. The scale is 1:50000.

Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the north west of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below.

Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1:

(i)

feature A

 [1]

(ii)

feature B

 [1]

(iii)

feature C

 [1]

(iv)

feature D

 [1]

(v)

the height above sea level of the geodetic (trigonometric) point at E .......................................................... metres

[1]

(vi)

the height above sea level of the contour at F .......................................................... metres

[1]

Find the small settlements at Tavier and Hody in the south west of the map extract. Both settlements have a church.

(i)

What is the straight-line distance from the church at Tavier to the church at Hody? Give your answer in metres.

.......................................................... metres

[1]

(ii)

What is the compass direction from the church at Tavier to the church at Hody?

[1]

(iii)

Measure the bearing from the church at Tavier to the church at Hody. .......................................................... degrees

[1]

(iv)

Give the six-figure grid reference of the church at Tavier.

 [1]

Fig. 1.2 is a cross section along northing 00 from 810000 to 860000.

(i)

In Fig. 1.2, use labelled arrows to show the position of:

• the N633 road
• the railway

[2]

(ii)

The cross section shown in Fig. 1.2 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line in Fig. 1.2 to complete the cross section.

[1]

 Fig. 1.3 shows an area in the south of the map extract.

Which three of the following statements describe the relief and drainage of the area shown in Fig. 1.3? Tick only three boxes below.

Find the settlement of Douxflamme in the south east of the map extract. Describe the site and reasons for the growth of the settlement.

Study the map extract for Degeberga, Sweden. The scale is 1:50000.

Fig. 1.1 shows some features in the west of the map extract around the main settlement of Degeberga.

Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1.1:

(i)

feature A

[1]

(ii)

feature B

[1]

(iii)

feature C

[1]

(iv)

the height above sea level at spot height D

.................... metres

[1]

(v)

the height above sea level of contour E.

..................... metres

[1]

Fig. 1.2A shows an area in the north west of the map extract and Fig. 1.2B shows an area in the south east of the map extract. Study the two areas and answer the questions below.

The table below compares the features of the two areas. Complete the table by putting ticks in the correct five boxes. Use only one tick for each row.

Fig. 1.3 shows a cross section along northing 86 from 440860 to 510860.

(i)

On Fig. 1.3, use labelled arrows and the letter shown to show the positions of:

public road 19 (X)

the Segesholmsån river (Y).

[2]

(ii)

On Fig. 1.3, complete the cross section.

[2]

Look at the coastal settlement around Nyehusen and Furuboda. Give map evidence that suggests that this is a tourist settlement.

Find the following two triangulation points:

the 22m triangulation point south of Nyehusen

the 129m triangulation point near Norrlia, south of Degeberga.

(i)

Give the compass direction from the 129m triangulation point to the 22m triangulation point.

[1]

(ii)

Measure the bearing from the 129m triangulation point to the 22m triangulation point.

........................ degrees

[1]

(iii)

What is the six-figure grid reference of the 129m triangulation point near Norrlia?

[2]

Study the map extract for Knislinge, Sweden. The scale is 1:50000.

Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the west of the map extract.

Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1:    

(i)

feature A

 [1]

(ii)

the type of land at B

[1]

(iii)

the type of natural vegetation at C

 [1]

(iv)

the height of the contour D

 [1]

(v)

feature E.

 [1]

Fig. 1.2 shows the area around the town of Knislinge.

(i)

State the width of the road labelled F.

.................................................... metres

[1]

(ii)

Describe the general pattern of the main roads shown on Fig. 1.2.

[1]

A runway to the east of Knislinge is labelled R on Fig. 1.2. Find this runway on the map extract.

(i)

Measure the length of the surfaced section of the runway. Give your answer in metres
. .................................................... metres

[1]

(ii)

Give the compass direction along the surfaced runway from the end near Sigfridssten to the other end near Bivarödsmölla.

[1]

Describe the features of the river between the western edge of the map extract at 380260 and its confluence with the river Helge å in grid square 4425.

Fig. 1.3 shows the area around the town of Hanaskog.

(i)

Using the map extract, describe the distribution of the arable land in the area shown on Fig. 1.3.

[2]

(ii)

Using the map extract, state one way in which the distribution of woodland in the area shown on Fig. 1.3 differs from that of the arable land.

 [1]

Find the lake called Araslövssjön in the south east of the map extract.

(i)
Name the type of vegetation on the edges of the lake.

[1]

(ii)
State one way in which the lake is used.

 [1]

Fig. 1.4 is a cross section along northing 23 from 400230 to 470230.

On Fig. 1.4, using labelled arrows, mark the positions of: (i) a railway (R)  (ii) the river Kälan (K).

Study the map extract for Laveissière, France. The scale is 1:25000.

Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the north east of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract and answer the questions below.

Fig. 1.1

Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1:

(i)

feature A

[1]

(ii)

type of area at B

[1]

(iii)

land use at C

[1]

(iv)

the height above sea level of the spot height at D.

.................................. metres

[1]

A person travels along the road from the northern edge of the map to the junction with the D139 at la Chevade.

(i)

How far do they travel? Circle your answer in the list below.

[1]

(ii)

In which compass direction does the person travel?

[1]

Fig. 1.2 is a north to south cross-section along easting 860 from 860980 to 860950.

Fig. 1.2

(i)

Name the feature at A.

[1]

(ii)

On Fig. 1.2, use a labelled arrow to show a position of the D139 road.

[1]

(iii)

The cross-section shown on Fig. 1.2 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line on Fig. 1.2 to complete the cross-section.

[2]

Fig. 1.3 is an area in the north of the map extract.

Fig. 1.3

Which three of the following statements describe the relief and drainage of the area shown on Fig. 1.3? Tick () only three boxes below.

Laveissière is a settlement in the south of the map extract.

(i)

Describe the site of the settlement of Laveissière.

[4]

(ii)

Identify the services provided for tourists in the settlement of Laveissière.

[3]

Study the map extract for Fortuniès, France. The scale is 1:25000.

Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features around the settlement of Collanges in the south of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract and answer the questions below.

Fig. 1.1

Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1:

(i)

feature A

[1]

(ii)

the name of river B

 [1]

(iii)

land use at C

[1]

(iv)

feature D

[1]

(v)

the height above sea level of the spot height at E.

............................................... metres

[1]

A person travels on the footpath from the north of the river outside Collanges (863013) to the junction with the footpath south east of les Ginestes (855022).

(i)

In which overall compass direction does the person travel?

[1]

(ii)

What distance does the person travel along the footpath?

............................................... metres

[1]

(iii)

How many metres does the person climb? Circle one correct answer below.

[1]                                         

Fig. 1.2 shows the location of two grid squares in the east of the map extract. These are square 8802 at Lac de Sauvages and square 8902 at Peyre del Cayre. Study the two areas and answer the question below.

Fig. 1.2

The table below compares the features of the two areas. Complete the table by putting ticks () in the correct five boxes. Use only one tick for each row.

[5]

Fig. 1.3 is a cross-section along northing 025 from 860025 to 890025, passing through the village of Sauvages.

Fig. 1.3

(i)

Identify the feature at A.

 [1]

(ii)

 Identify the feature at B.

 [1]

(iii)

The cross-section shown on Fig. 1.3 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line on Fig. 1.3 to complete the cross-section.

[1]

Find the settlement of Dienne in the south west of the map extract. Using the map extract, describe the site and give reasons for the growth of the settlement.

Study the map extract for Carnac, France. The scale is 1:25000.

Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features near Cité du Runell in the north of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below.

Fig. 1.1

Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1:

(i)

the type of road at A

[1]

(ii)

the leisure activity at B

[1]

(iii)

the land use at C

[1]

(iv)

the land use at D.

[1]

The central point of the main settlement at Carnac is at 940700. Identify three services  provided for tourists within 1km of the centre of Carnac.

1 ........................................

2 ........................................

3 ........................................ 

Fig. 1.2 shows an area in the south west of the map at St-Colomban. Fig. 1.3 shows an area  in the north east of the map near Kermario. Study the two areas and answer the questions  below.

The table below compares the features of the two areas. Complete the table by putting ticks (✓) in the correct four boxes. Use only one tick for each row.

Look at the part of the straight D781 road that runs between the settlements at Plouharnel and Carnac.

(i)

What is the distance along the straight part of the road? Tick (✓) one box below. 

[1]

(ii)

What is the compass direction along the road from Plouharnel to Carnac?

[1]

(iii)

Measure the bearing along the road from Plouharnel to Carnac.

.................................. degrees

[1]

(iv)

Find the roundabout (circle) part way along the road at Kergouillard. Give the six-figure grid reference of this roundabout (circle).

[1]

Describe the natural features of the coast shown on the map.

Study the map extract for Thiezac, France. The scale is 1:25000.

Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features around the settlement of le Croizet in the south of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below.

Fig. 1.1

Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1:

(i)

feature A

[1]

(ii)

feature B

[1]

(iii)

feature C

[1]

(iv)

feature D

[1]

(v)

land use at E

[1]

(vi)

the height above sea level of the spot height at F.

.................................... metres

[1]

Fig. 1.2 is a cross-section along northing 85 from 720850 to 750850.

Fig. 1.2

(i)

On Fig. 1.2, use a labelled arrow to show the position of the N122 road.

[1]

(ii)

The cross-section shown on Fig. 1.2 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line on Fig. 1.2 to complete the cross-section.

[2]

Fig. 1.3 shows an area in the west of the map extract.

A person walks on the footpath (shown by a red line) from Lagat (730856), north west of Thiezac, to Cascade de Faillitoux (722866), east of the river north-north east of Lasmolineries.

Fig. 1.3

(i)

In which overall direction does the person travel? Tick () one box below.

[1]

(ii)

What is the distance travelled along the footpath from Lagat to Cascade de Faillitoux?

Tick () one box below.

[1]

(iii)

The table below shows the features in the area. Which two features will the person pass on the footpath? Complete the table by putting ticks () in the correct two boxes.

[2]

(iv)

Measure the bearing from the spot height of 1096 metres at Lagat (730856) to Cascade de Faillitoux (722866).

.......................................................... degrees

[1]

Fig. 1.4 shows the location of two grid squares in the west of the map extract. These are square 7085 at la Rochere and 7185 at Lasmolineries. Study the area and answer the questions on the next page.

Fig. 1.4

Describe the relief and drainage of this area.

Relief 

...................................

Drainage 

...................................

Fig. 2.1 gives information about population change in four regions in Italy (an MEDC) in 2017. Study Fig. 2.1 and answer the following questions.

Fig. 2.1

(a)

Which of the four regions had:

(i)

the highest birth rate

[1]

(ii)

the highest death rate

[1]

(iii)

the largest population decline?

[1]

(b)

Compare the population growth in the northern and southern regions.

[1]

(c)

Study the following calculation for population growth:

Population growth rate = birth rate +/– death rate +/– migration

Calculate the migration rate for the following regions:

(i)

Trentino Alto Adige

...................................... per thousand

[1]

(ii)

Calabria.

...................................... per thousand

[1]

(d)

Suggest two pull factors attracting people to the northern regions of Italy (an MEDC).

1 .............................................

2 .............................................

[2]