Development (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Geography)

Study Fig. 6.1, which shows information about two indicators of development, literacy and life expectancy, in five parts of the world.

(i)

What is meant by literacy?

 [1]

(ii)

Identify the following from Fig. 6.1:    - the area with the highest life expectancy in 1990    - the increase in the literacy percentage in South Asia between 1990 and 2016.    ........................ %

(iii)

Explain why life expectancy varies in countries at different levels of economic development.

[3]

(iv)

State two other indicators of development. For each one, explain why it is a useful indicator of the level of development of a country.

Indicator 1 .........................................................................................................................

Indicator 2 .........................................................................................................................

[4]

Study Fig. 5.1, which is information about the changes in the employment structure of Australia (an MEDC) between 1950 and 2015.

(i)

What is meant by the term employment structure?

[1]

(ii)

Give one example of each of the following:

-   a manufacturing industry

-   a job in the service sector

[2]

(iii)

Describe the main changes which have taken place in Australia’s employment structure between 1950 and 2015.

[3]

(iv)

Suggest reasons for the changes which have taken place in Australia’s employment structure between 1950 and 2015.

[4]

Study Fig. 5.1, a map showing the Human Development Index (HDI).

(i)

Put the following countries in rank order according to their HDI.

[1]

(ii)

Describe the main differences in HDI between North and South America.

[2]

(iii)

Explain why HDI is a good measure of development.

[3]

Study Fig. 5.1, which shows information about the employment structure of Cameroon, Italy and Japan.

(i)

Give one example of a worker in the tertiary sector.

[1]

(ii)

Complete the pie graph in Fig. 5.1 to show the following information for Japan:

Secondary employment = 25%

Tertiary employment = 70%

[2]

(iii)

Describe three differences between the employment structure of Cameroon and Italy.

[3]

(iv)

Explain why the percentage of the population employed in the primary sector reduces as a country develops.

[4]

Study Fig. 5.1, which shows information about the relationship between two indicators of development.

Fig. 5.1

(i)

Identify the named country which has a GDP per person of US$15000 and 68 internet users per 100 people.

[1]

(ii)

To what extent does Fig. 5.1 show that there is a relationship between GDP per person and internet users per 100 people?

[2]

(iii)

Suggest why there is a relationship between GDP per person and internet users per 100 people.

[3]

Study Fig. 5.2, which shows the Human Development Index (HDI) in different countries in Africa.

Fig.5.2

Using Fig. 5.2 only, compare the distribution of the countries with the highest (over 0.68) and lowest (less than 0.42) HDI within Africa.

Study Fig. 5.1, which shows information about the relationship between two indicators of development.

Fig. 5.1

(i)

Draw a best-fit line on Fig. 5.1.

[1]

(ii)

Use examples of two of the countries labelled in Fig. 5.1 to show that there is an inverse (negative) relationship between infant mortality rate and GNP per person. Use statistics in your answer.

[2]

(iii)

Explain why there is an inverse (negative) relationship between GNP per person and infant mortality rate.

[3]

(iv)

The Human Development Index (HDI) is another indicator of development. Tick () the four correct statements about HDI in the table below.

[4]

Study Fig. 6.1, which is a map showing the locations of three different factories in an area in Italy (an MEDC in Europe).

Fig. 6.1

(i)

Identify the factory shown in Fig. 6.1 which is an example of assembly industry.

[1]

(ii)

Using Fig. 6.1, state two differences between the locations of the bakery and the cement factory.

1 ...................................................

2 ...................................................

[2]

(iii)

Explain why a location close to a market was chosen by the owners of the bakery.

[3]

(iv)

Explain two advantages of the location of the washing machine factory, which was built in 2018.

1 ...................................................

2 ...................................................

[4]

Study Fig. 5.1, which is a map showing the HDI of Nigeria’s states. Nigeria is an LEDC in Africa.

Fig. 5.1

(i)

What is meant by the initials HDI?

H............................ D............................. I............................

[1]

(ii)

Put the following states in rank order according to their HDI.

[2]

(iii)

Suggest three reasons why some states of Nigeria have a higher HDI than other states.

1  ............................

2  ............................

3  ............................

[3]

(iv)

Explain why HDI is considered to be a better indicator of the level of development of a country than its Gross National Product (GNP).

[4]

Study Fig. 5.1, which is a diagram showing development indicators for four countries.

(i)

Identify the country shown in Fig. 5.1 which has the shortest life expectancy.

[1]

(ii)

Complete Fig. 5.1 by plotting the following information: - 90% of the population of Honduras are literate. - the Human Development Index (HDI) of Honduras is 0.63.

[2]

(iii)

Explain why the Human Development Index (HDI) is a good method of comparing development between countries.

[3]