Earthquakes & Volcanoes (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Geography)

Study Fig. 3.1, which shows three different types of plate boundary.

(i)

Which diagram, A, B or C, shows a conservative plate boundary?

[1]

(ii)

Shield volcanoes are often formed on constructive (divergent) plate boundaries. Describe two characteristics of a shield volcano.
1 .......................................................................................................

2 .......................................................................................................

[2]

Study Fig. 3.1, which shows information about the problems faced by households after an earthquake in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.

(i)

Complete Fig. 3.1 by plotting the following information: 13% of households were affected by lack of clean water after the earthquake.

[1]

(ii)

Identify the two main problems caused by the earthquake in Haiti.
1 ...............................................................................
2 ...............................................................................

[2]

Study Fig. 3.1, which shows information about the problems faced by households after an earthquake in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.

Explain why it is necessary to provide clean water and sanitation after an earthquake.

Study Fig. 3.2, which is a diagram of a volcano.

Use labelled arrows to show the following features in Fig. 3.2:

- crater
- main vent
- magma chamber

Study Fig. 4.1, which is a cross section through a volcano.

(i)

What type of plate boundary is shown in Fig. 4.1?

[1]

(ii)

Choose the correct labels for features X and Y shown in Fig. 4.1. Choose from the list below:
- convection currents
- direction of plate movement
- lava escaping from the volcano
- new crust created - subduction.

  X ....................................................................................................

 Y ....................................................................................................

[2]

(iii)

Using Fig. 4.1, identify three different hazards caused by a volcanic eruption which may cause injuries, deaths and damage.

[3]

Study Fig. 4.2, which shows information about two earthquakes, one which occurred in an MEDC and one in an LEDC.

Fig. 4.2

Describe the differences in the impacts of the earthquakes at Kobe and Port-au-Prince.

Study Fig. 3.1, which shows information about an earthquake.

Fig.3.1

(i)

Tick (✓) the one statement in the table below which is the correct definition of a fault.

[1]

(ii)

Identify the points labelled P and Q in Fig. 3.1

P ......................................................................................................
Q ......................................................................................................

[2]

(iii)

Using evidence from Fig. 3.1, explain why earthquakes occur.

[3]

Study Fig. 3.2, which shows information about two earthquakes which occurred in 2018.

Fig.3.2

Using information from Fig. 3.2 only, state three reasons why the earthquake in Indonesia caused more deaths and injuries than the earthquake in Venezuela.

1 ....................................................................................................

2 ....................................................................................................

3 ....................................................................................................

Study Fig. 3.1, which shows the Earth’s tectonic plates and their boundaries.

Fig. 3.1

(i)

At which type of plate boundary do plates move away from each other? Circle your answer.

[1]

(ii)

Explain why boundaries where plates move towards each other are known as destructive boundaries.

[2]

(iii)

Explain why volcanoes form at places where plates move away from each other.

[3]

Study Fig. 3.2, which shows information about an eruption of Mauna Loa volcano in Hawaii.

Fig. 3.2

Compare the flow of lava from Mokuaweoweo crater (labelled M on Fig. 3.2) with the flow from Pu’u Ula’ula crater (labelled P).

Study Fig. 4.1, which is a map of earthquakes in part of South America in the 21^st century.

Fig. 4.1

(i)

What is meant by depth of focus?

[1]

(ii)

Describe how the depth of focus of the earthquakes shown in Fig. 4.1 changes along line A–B. Use data in your answer.

[2]

(iii)

Explain why the depth of focus changes from A to B in Fig. 4.1.

[3]

Study Fig. 4.2, which shows information about how to make a room safer in an earthquake.

Fig. 4.2

Give three ways that Room B is likely to be safer in an earthquake than Room A.

1 .............................................

2 .............................................

3 .............................................

Study Fig. 3.2, which is a map showing information about earthquakes which caused more than 10 000 deaths in different parts of the world (1900-2011).

The distribution of earthquakes is uneven. Describe the distribution of the areas where earthquakes caused more than 10 000 deaths between 1900 and 2011.