The Factors of Production (Edexcel IGCSE Economics)
Revision Note
Written by: Steve Vorster
Reviewed by: Jenna Quinn
Capital, Labour, Land & Enterprise
The factors of production are the resources used by businesses to produce goods and services
The Four Factors of Production
Capital | Enterprise |
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Land | Labour |
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The production of any good or service requires the use of a combination of all four factors of production
In order to produce a vehicle, a business requires
Capital, including a CAD/CAM system as well as a production line that may use robots
Enterprise, including the sourcing of finances by the entrepreneur and the ability to manage all of the required factors of production
Land, including factory premises and storage facilities, as well as a test track to check vehicles meet quality standards
Labour, including design and production workers, as well as quality testers
Examiner Tips and Tricks
In Paper 1, you will be asked to analyse why all four factors of production might be used to produce a particular good/service. Be careful that you do not identify the final good/service (e.g. a mobile phone) as a factor of production.
The Rewards for the Factors of Production
In a free market economic system, the factors of production are privately owned by households or firms
Households make these resources available to firms that use them to produce goods and services
Firms purchase land, labour, and capital from households in factor markets
Households receive the following financial rewards for selling their factors of production: This reward is called factor income
The factor income for land → rent
The factor income for labour → wages
The factor income for capital → interest
The factor income for entrepreneurship → profit
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